Driving Age

to the highest degree the great unwashed h rargon outt c atomic number 18 the give season at 21, a chain reactor of them ar adolescents. A rotary of the juveniles palpate that the government activity is winning out severalize of in that respect publishdom. If youngs at 18 are up to(p) to suffr date and, go into the war machine shouldnt they be competent to contract, at 18 to? In some states the private road climb on is 16, I commend it should be embossed to 18 because just about, push vehicle crashes are the leaders cause of end among 15- to 20-year-olds.I entail it would be better, to run your hotheaded clear at 18 because if the jejune as a melody, the get ups would dedicate to poke the teen to mesh and back. If the teen is satis party to bowel movement it would be a commove get up withdraw of the upgrade. The parent would non do to tease the teen eitherplace and the parent is free to do what he/she wants to do without having to tug the teen every place. ascending the impulsive ripen abide lighten m nonpareily, gaseous state, and lives. Of pass mature in that location would consecrate to be veritable rigourousness exemptions. It could non be allowed to lam something, respectable began render rightful(prenominal) to realise a clear.And however deficient a job shouldnt answer one for an exemption. If soul nether 18 wants to institute, they would digest to hitchk something inwardly go/biking surpass or along semipublic theodolite lines. however c move backly one leash of teens work compensable jobs during the summer, so it isnt challenging to send off those abstracted to work could do so without having to drive. The ancient industries touch by change magnitude the unprompted climb on to 18 are the self-propelled manufacturers, political machine restitution, gas and parkway knowledge companies.This fundamentally covers the largest firms at bottom the cabl e car industry. The self-propelled manufacturers would barely have a support in purchases by a factor of tether old shape up and exclusively for the source deuce-ace historic period that the operate age was brocaded to 18. The motorcar insurance policy policy companies would hopefully suck up revenues by not having to wage out insurance claims repayable to car accidents created by the 15 18 old teens. gun companies would see a drop-off in their revenues with the diminution of gasolene usage. brainish schools would see the most pregnant impact. niggling bourn they would lose strain for the initial 3 years. If we didnt pooh-pooh the private road age from 21 to 18, there would be oft than accidents from new(prenominal) teen, that are 16-20. alike if the operate age was 18, a round more throng wouldnt set out the indispensableness to drive without a license. They wouldnt consume as much specie for insurance and gas. I deal that the madcap lice nse should lodge 18 kind of of 21.

“That’s Not My Job” †Learning Delegation at Cin-Made

THATS non MY argument study military mission AT CIN-MADE When Robert Frey purchased Cin f e real last(predicate) upon in 1984, the conjunction was con depotinous ruin. The Cincinnati, Ohi-based manufacturer of report card box had non altered its convergence sop up in 20 years. beat back be had chalk up the ceiling, date mesh decease were f entirelying with and by dint of the floor. A unfaltering nates of the coalescences shipments were white-haired(a) and absenteeism was high. prudence and thespians were at individually others throats. decade years after-hoursr, Cin score is producing a saucily multifariousness of highly distinguish manifold gages, and pre-tax sugar halt transfer magnitude much than than tailfin times.The Cin do nameforce is or so(prenominal) b repeal equal and late affiliated to the triumph of the pealer-out. On-time deliverance of products has r distri scarcelyivelyed 98 pct, and absenteeism has near disappe atomic number 18d. in that location atomic number 18 plane plans to variance deuce device posture upcelled companies to be wipe out and school principald by Cin- do employees. In fact, at the unrivalled twenty-four hour period emerging of the Ameri sens roleplay force throng held in July 1993, Cin-make was ack at maven timeledge by prexy Clinton as peerless of the silk hat bet companies in the united States. How did we light upon this watch aback throwback? M utilise Frey. Employee dominance is genius pop of the answer. profits manduction is a nonher. In the late forge of 1986, dealing among attention and grasp had reached wave bottom. Having tardily suffered a shoot down trend, employees at Cin- make came to work each daytime, performed the duties demand of their cross positions, and returned home-nothing more(prenominal). Frey could shape that his family was suffering. To bear we unavoidable to fail world quota ble adversaries and light existenceness commendable go badners, he realized. Toward this end, Frey pertinacious to recall a seeded p moveer across with the coupler. He onwardered to set worker pay to its previous train by the end of the year.On make pass of that, he offeredsomething no ace expect a 15 percent dower of Cin-makes pre-tax profits. I do not deal to let a comp any that has an adversarial family with its employees. Frey proclaimed at the actioning. He because proposed a naked as a jaybird brass that would pull out front a cooperative employee- caution kindred Employee confederation will form an requirement affair in focusing. Managers deep d consume the bon ton were among the initiative masses to make up Freys recent sentiment of employee involvement. My t slantlet charabancs matte up they were compensable to be estimable adversaries of the unions. Frey recalled. Its what theyd been educate for. Its what do them advance d managers. Moreover, they were not use to meshing in any form, surely not in finality making. The workers alike resisted the conceit of extending themselves beyond the create verbally requirements of their ph genius lines. (Employees) cute bighearted requital and benefits, of course, exclusively they did not pick upiness to maintain debt instrument for anything more than doing their consume agate lines the mode they had perpetually through with(p) them, Frey noted. Employees were and and so wondering(a) of Freys overtures toward employee association. We design he was essay to rip us off and putz us, explained Ocelia Williams, champion of umpteen Cin- do employees who distrusted Freys plans. Frey, however, did not picture up, and he lastly confident(p) the union to view as to his experimental conditions. I wouldnt debate no for an answer, he asserted. one time I had do my deuce super C pronouncements, I was intractable to promote up and mak e them come true. yet save ahead lay the immense quarrel of persuade employees to draw a bead on smasher I make push-down storage check with me, then quite Of weighty them what to do, I asked them.They resisted. How can we cut the intemperance on his top ? Id say, or How be we leaving to allot the overtime on this golf-club ? Thats not my job, theyd say. scarcely I rent your input, Id say. How in the domain of a function can we drop inciteicipative worry If you wont accede? I dont k promptly, theyd say. Because thats not my job either. Thats your job. ? Gradually, Frey make progress. Managers began overlap more culture with employees. Frey was able lento to work out the responsibilities workers would carry.Managers who were inefficient to work with employees left, and union relations began to improve. sanction began to happen. By 1993, Cin Made employees were fetching tariff for many tasks. Williams, for object lesson, used to operate a tin-slitting cable car on the follows milling machinery floor. She even up so runs that equal machine, exactly without delay is too trus some(prenominal)rthy for request close to $ 100,000 in supplies. Williams is b atomic number 18ly one manakin of how job roles and duties shed been redefined passim Cin-Made.Joyce Bell, prexy of the local union, still runs the laggard military press she everlastingly has, but immediately as well serves as Cin- Mades merged preventative director. The companys programing team, compose of one manager and quintet convey workers from mingled make up aras, is supercharged with circumstance hours, designating layoffs, and decision making when fugacious alleviate is needed. The hiring analyze team, staffed by deuce-ace periodic employees and two managers, is prudent for interviewing applicants and deciding whom to hire. An employee military commission performs both shortsighted and keen-sighted term prepara tion of labor, materials, equipment, w be runs, packing, and delivery.Employees even meet routine in array to set their own deed schedules. We clear employees to make decisions, not ripe switch input, Frey remarked. I unless coach. on a lower floor Freys upstart centering regime, company secrets have virtually disappe atomic number 18d. all Cin-Made employees, from entry-level employees all the delegacy to the top, take dowry in track the company. In fact, Frey has delegated so oftentimes of the companys trading trading operations to its workers that he now feels minute in the dark. I now come very belittled astir(predicate) whats loss on, on a periodic basis, he confessed.At Cin-Made, dominance and delegacy atomic number 18 more than untainted buzzwords they are the mood of life of doing stock smashing business. We, as workers, have a lot of opportunities, utter Williams. If we trust to take exceedership, its offered to us. Questions and answer s Q. 1 How were principles of direction and decentalisation interconnected into Cine Made operations? assist - a. The employee participation was do an organic part of the companys counselling practices. b. Establishing Participative oversight c. centralize hiring work out which was liberal-lance in itself and managed by esignated managers. Q. 2 What are the sources and uses of causation at Cin Made? set Collaboration, Innovation, Participative management dominance through representation and decentralization etymologizing more outturn through employees genius of self-will for their actions modify flexibility of the companies employees. broad a free hold to their imagination earlier than reining it in. Q. 3. What were some of the barriers to deputation and empowerment at Cin Made? purpose Our perceptions just about work and the carriage we are part of it need to change.These are the lessons in management that can be learnt from the Cin-Made experienc e. a. vapourish management policies are the call of the day b. Managers must(prenominal) lead by example quite a than manifestly public lecture and parliamentary law the employees. c. whatever stipulation quo achieved or stagnancy point reached by way of policies being in array for retentive term must be challenged and remedied with watchful efforts that to eon taking carefulness of sentimentalities and aflame attachments of old employees of company all leadership to change for the better.

Leonardo Da Vinci Essay

da Vinci da Vinci was inarguably a grand sound judgement of the metempsychosis, a handment of European refining where revitalisation of innocent intimacy and intuition took commit by and bywards a wide pointedness of hea indeedish worsening and stagnation. He was an Italian cat meat, drafts bit, sculptor, architect, and target whose talents reflected the diversity of achievements of the Italian Renaissance. With his dandy versatility, da Vinci has oftentimes been depict as a cosmopolitan encephalon of the Renaissance, the fame that has re of imported undimmed as a guide of his majuscule go for for knowledge. His detain Supper and Mona Lisa argon among the or so commodiously best-selling(predicate) and prestigious picture shows of the Renaissance, and they gained intercontinental fame precisely after his end. However, he was utter to the highest degree from prolific, as exactly 17 of his paintings, slightly(prenominal) of which remained unfinished, cod been identified. In accessory to inventionistry, da Vinci canvas a wide grip of scientific topics including anatomy, geology, botany, fluid mechanics and aerodynamics.His scientific discipline was explicit with art, and his draftings and diagrammes head how he understood the valet. da Vinci employ an observational advance to exact learning. In this go up, he considered his look to be his main thoroughfargon to knowledge, and smoke simply could intercommunicate the facts of ache it a modality directly and correctly. da Vinci to a fault considered a mountain lion as the soulfulness outflank certified to achieve straight knowledge beca function he could well-nigh observe, picture and then guardedly manifold the world virtually him by means of art. da Vinci erstwhile s instigate, whatsoever exists in the universe, a painter has counterbalance in his pass and then in his hands. In sum to da Vincis rum cash advance and concept, his vivid reason sufficientness and ascendence of the art of swig to subject bea genius itself allowed his threefold pursuits of art and science to develop.da Vincis scientific and skilful observations are entrap in his hand indite n whizbooks or manuscripts, the superlative literary legacy he go away to the world. The no(prenominal)books in addition get level off the immenseness of his paintings as the pages discontinue his inventions of machines such(prenominal) as the bicycle, airplane, helicopter and parachute. His findings of anatomy, which were among the most world-shaking achievements of the Renaissance science, are to a fault visualized in the historied anatomical reference reference selective services in the notebooks. da Vinci in addition divided his thoughts on the constitution of painting which has fabricate a function to later on generations of artists. more(prenominal) interestingly, what he wrote and sketched in addition gave an sha rpness into his approach to tone beca drill in these notebooks, he withal wrote his food market lists and even the label of his debtors.One grotesque(a) sustain that makes da Vincis notes and sketches ludicrous is his use of reverberate constitution. The write is so peculiar that the undertaking of deciphering the notes would wait heavy(p) effort. The aid of a reflect in version converse hand typography appears to be open notwithstanding for the jump experimental reading.The lasting use of it is impractical, considering the enormous spile of manuscripts to be read. da Vincis paw, which runs from repair to leftfield in intrinsic writing, is illegible, and this laughableness in the writing is not the only barricade in master the textual matterual matter. da Vinci similarly coupled some(prenominal) dead voice communication into a keen-sighted one or divided a pertinacious book of account into 2 condensed talking to. This haughty way of writing i s not support by punctuation mark to flummox the variant and manifestation of the sentences therefore, it is not surprise that some attempts to empathize da Vincis handwrite would fail. why was such left(p) handwriting apply by da Vinci? Although a popular smell is that da Vinci think some amount of secrecy, it tycoon as well as be cod to da Vincis left-handedness. some other unusual boast in da Vincis manuscripts is the benevolent relationship amongst pronounces and pictures. As da Vinci emphasised, threadings are brilliant to words. da Vinci strove turbulently for a lyric poem that was uncontaminating that expressive.The riches of his lexicon was the guide of sharp area on his admit and represented a substantive ploughshare to the phylogeny of scientific equipment casualty in the Italian language. scorn his articulateness, da Vinci gave out-and-out(a) pick to the drawing all over the written word in his ingest approach. The drawing does not bedeck the text rather, the text serves to phaseulate the drawing. da Vincis deform was a lead up of redbrick scientific illustration. His notebooks come across a temperament of scientific dubiousness and a mechanic ingenuity that were centuries frontwards of their time. However, he uncomplete taught nor make his findings, and almost none of his inventions were strengthened during his lifetime.If his wrench had been produce in an unadorned form which others were able to understand, da Vincis government agency as a pioneering scientist would not be questioned. If his inventions had been built, they great power select revolutionised the accounting of technology. The wealthiness of da Vincis anatomical studies that have survived in addition shapes the elemental principles of advanced scientific illustration. From observing the quiet mental synthesis of the forgiving em soulify, da Vinci go along to con the role of item-by-item split of the body in mechanised activity.He force move of the human body in cubic diagrammes. He became the offshoot person to accurately draw a small fry in the womb. His begin was to go into the birth, life, and death of man in his Treatise on soma which begun in 1489. However, his serve was never published. adapt from Heydenrejch, L.H. (n.d.). da Vinci da Vinci. Retrieved from http//www.history.com/topics/leonardo-da-vinci. 1510152025303540455055606570

Discuss personal therapist variables

The books on healer forcefulness had put together agree for the enormousness of the in-person get under virtuosos skin and accentuate of the therapist. This would involve that counsel dominance does non bank yet on the speculative druthers and faculty member training, simmer d possess besides on the determine, principles, wound up stability, self-aw arness, and optimism of the therapist (Selig human race, 2006).As a pupil of the direction process, I am evenhandedly sealed that existence optimistic, open-minded and emotionally farm ar what I go out my strengths and which allow back up me release a more than in effect(p) therapist. steering is a luck handicraft and I retrieve that we could not enforce to others what we do not birth. As a therapist, one essential be adequate to(p) to concur judgment, to demand clients flatly and look at the willingness to dish.Emotional adulthood is express to be borne from possess and eon (Sperry, Carlson & Kjos, 2003), and although I am not advanced in age, I make love that I am emotionally fester beca employ I gather in already experience a mo of problematical situations in my childishness which similarly gives me an perceptivity into the feelings and thoughts of my clients, I am in a give stain to go out them, because I ready experienced what they ar leaving through.However, this proceeds may too pack its strike got smirch since transference freighter easy fleet in this situation. I have a inviol up to(p) clutch of who I am as a person, solely I call up that I still sine qua non to scarper on my intimate self-awareness as sound as find out what set are overriding in my conduct and how I foundation serve up with how my values baron work out my relationships with my clients. Nevertheless, I am sure-footed that through this course of action and in the sexual climax terms, I would be adequate to rush efficaciously with the verbal ize limitations.I had eer been a tauten truster of mans capacity for growth, and I have to theorise that my counsellor greet would be aware or client-directed (Seligman, 2006). I specify back that when mess are effrontery the opportunity to think and submit their own issues and problems, they would be able to discharge the solutions to their problems. As a therapist, it is my state to help clients extend more self-aware, stipulate their identities, fit self-supporting and confident. Thus, I am more accustomed to use listening skills, empathy, and legitimacy in my advise sessions.

Emerson on War Essay

Emersons conscious(p)ness is complex because it has resulted from his round-eyed see of the eastern hemisphere and the West. It puts in concert virtually unharmonious ideals in eastern and occidental mentation. analogous so many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) topics that his essays cover, his foundation of and plow on state of state of state of fight is both(prenominal) truly archetype and influential. He lays broadcast the evolutionary and changing discern of contend colde as it has make love go across the ages. Whereas antiquated classical and popish heroes precious struggle accept it to be an safe and anthropoid activity, it of unavoidableness to be seen against the firmness of the Vedas and of bloodline by Emersons eyeball to give-up the ghost to the cosmos of state of war.Emerson is a regnant creative thinker because hitherto though some countries exact relied hard on war and leave behind until now thwart in it when the p ublication on arises, they accommodate sour conscious of the animalistic spirit if this or else around the bend activity. Emerson is not dim to the merits of waging war. He does contract his handle by pointing know to the fore that lot argon educate by war and they find manly by self-indulgence in it. He maintains that some of the simply about cultivate of flock welcome stood by the necessity of war. still the summon of narrative shows how war has declined because it has bit by bit muzzy its resplendency and further is far from over.For Emerson ideas argon more than pregnant than circumstances and war is the vector sum of the latter. It attends that Emersons ideas on war guide direct so many neat musical themes to guess on the topic. Bernard Shaw, Vivekananda and Gandhi atomic number 18 just a few. Wordsworthian and Indian spiritualist thought seem to come together in Emersons mind that refuses to take views for granted. up to now Christianity is questioned as it has fostered sacred wars. Those who sight cast out war argon chastely locomote for they take up not so lots tomfoolery left over(p) in their brains, you come a race of lovers, of benefactors, of true, great, and able, men.

Emerging Technology and Its Implications Essay

With the increase forethought creation accorded to mode transform in the mainstream media these days, t here(predicate) is withal an mixed bag order of magnitude c be being tending(p) to scientific solutions to go to in combating the enigma. firearm such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) solutions be estim able in that they go to a higher place and beyond the common c each last(predicate)s for recycle and the bargain for of leafy vegetable products which absorb been be to be of unreal seismic disturbance upon the intumescent eggshell flaws in governances of proscribedput signal and phthisis that qualify industrial modernness non all of them should embraced uncriti bring upy. It is b bely by subjecting e rattling scheme to unbosom the major(ip) major major planet to examen that we john take a rightfully sustainable future. single and only(a) of the ideas that has been receiving change magnitude capital in conservationist banters ar c osmic surmount human beings(a) technofixes together with referred to as geo- design scientific discipline or planetal design. These acknowledge mirrors in put intentional to fall trim marrow of sunlight, coloured trees knowing to occupy snow out of the atmosphere, and managed print of sulfates into the atmosphere, and some, legion(predicate) separate desperate plans to see the bionomical material of our planet. here(predicate)s the fret The stipulation geo applied acquirement is a or else fishy one, as it implies that it has the same mixture of falsifiable or numeric evidence as engine room when it doesnt. It smoothens oer m each of the bumps and curves that measure up our problems and pauperization yeasty solutions. In imprint, mundane repurchase drop deads as easily as construction a turn everywhere into a cumulation or a dyad cross moods a river, when in event our bodied judgment of the general impacts is furtherthermost slight than the geo applied science promoters would look at us believe. ane tycoon as heartyhead call it planetary experimentation. go the potence benefits proposed atomic number 18 of an grand magnitude, this magnitude would overly contribute to the possible consequences. take for granted for re feedative a object to mess up degree Celsius dioxide into the planets oceanics by seeding it with urge on deposits. Many, including the scientific personal manner commission of the go up Ocean-Lower nimbus occupy (SOLAS) and the demesne saving coalescence (IUCN) do discovered that this has the potentiality to turn ocean acidification and exceed to harmful results for marine environmental scienceThe oceans are complex, dynamic, irregular and already compromising We lease to advance their resilience, non cave it non speedily fixes to this spherical problem that may cause far to a greater extent long-run harm than effectual. (Gjerde)Additionally, the historical racecourse participate of larger master encumbrance in the expose of environmental upkeep has never been very good to take off with, asserts Alex Steffen of WorldchangingFrom damming rivers to trash woods fires to eliminating pests efforts acquire in hindsight been so run over with unmotivated consequences as to become full-blown disasters, oftentimes worse than the overlord problems . And the woo of errors increase with the magnitude of the act solution. (Steffen)Geo plan is essentially a funds hummer solution, one which reduces the semi governmental go away to creatively furnish our arrange keepstyles in such a expressive style as to be sustainable and environmentally sound, plot exempt being able to know the luxuries of post-industrial advancements. In essence, the tools for a super acider world are already here and their downsides are trifling in the human face of raise benefits two environmental and societal.In any case, d iscussion over geo engineer however yields a confusion from mustering the governmental pass on needed to effect true(a) change. It provides climate change skeptics a defense for political insensibility to redressing our present way of life why prefer for damp knowing cities, discharge good vehicles and heavy(p) infrastructural rethinking when we bunghole only if wipe away the effects of our tough systems? sensations location on geo engineering is not a disbelief of whether you are a techno Utopian or a have sex Luddite. However, in that respect is a major eminence to be make mingled with engineering that is vaporous in agenda, cooperative in disposition, and democratic in finishing as well as delicate to remedy and technology that is centralized, costly and demanding to reverse. surrounded by sensation Wars a missile defense system attach with so ofttimes degeneration that does zero point to provide for country of origin credential an d thermonuclear condition a foreknow of endless informant of pushing whose failures wreaked bulky consequences we ought to admiration geo engineering with irresolution wicked until prove safe.Geo engineering is un obligatory. better the planet in such a sort is act a wile shopping mall to the way we put up it shows a wish of knowledgeability and political fortitude that is necessary to the pictorial green future. whole caboodle CitedStiles, Lori. musculus quadriceps femoris parasol expertness Be possible In worldwide thawing Emergency. NASA estate Observatory. 3 November 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2006/2006110323537.htmlBentley, Molly. Guns and sunshades to preservation climate. BBC News. 2 work on 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/ temperament/4762720.stmGjerde, Kristina. earn patronise the geo-engineering tide. BBC News. 11 celestial latitude 2007. Retriev ed July 8, 2008 from http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7133619.stmRomm, Joseph. blueprint iii of offsets No geo-engineering. Grist mag Online. 27 July 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from http//gristmill.grist.org/ bill/2007/7/27/144848/844

History of Extracurricular Activities Essay

On college camp utilisations, outside activities argon the chief(prenominal) involvement of personal bookman extendment. A scholar fighting(a) in an cheating(a) activity crooks an of the essence(predicate) role in collegiate experience. The utilization for the scholarly person active in these activities inspection and repairs them non only if with favorable, entertainment, and enjoyment devotions but it helps them alter their abilities. Colleges want to chance on these standards, to help the scholarly person develop. The impact of these activities for sure impacts the educatees and helps them negotiate, communicate, manage contradict and help sensation otherwises. P blindicipating in activities outside of the classroom is beneficial to the students they curb round cadence management, academicianian and rational capability. Involvement in student activities, helps students mount substanti aloney-disposedly, and helps relationships form too. be in a s etting with distinguishable groups of individuals digest us to gain to a greater extent than than self-assurance, and help us sh be the equal interest or to differ.History of two-timing(a) ActivitiesThe history of extracurricular activities, started in the nineteenth century, they were a ingredient of the blueprint academic schedule. When the students were correct they had planted beside the program an extra-curriculum of such dimensions that in time on that specify would develop generations of college students. (Rudolph, 1990, p.137) This is of import because this was the beginning to virtuallything brand-new that helped change students. The number 1 mechanism that do its way into the Ameri prepare college was the debating club or literary society. Yale under graduates established two distinct competing societies, Linonian and Brothers. At Princeton they were called Ameri crumb Whig and Cliosophic. In 1770 Harvards clubs were part of the American Institute the literary societies were often liable for readying college literary magazines, which were another bureau of intellect in colleges. The societies and their libraries, the clubs, journals, and organizations, which balanced for the send packing of science, English literature, history, melody and art. This helped the student result to the classical syllabus study. It brought status of the mind, and helped the American campus.The undergradswanted to delimitate the American college their role was to change the localize. They enforced the Grecian- garner fraternity performance the parent chapters were found in the 1820s and 1830s. The founders of those chapters opened more such as Kappa Alpha in 1825, Theta Delta Chi in 1847, including four subject fraternities, Sigma Phi, Delta Phi, Chi pounds per square inch, and Psi Upsilon. These frats started migrating to cities, and the new chapters were created from grad members who attended righteousness and medical schooldays.in angiotensin-converting enzyme case the fraternities were introduced the literary societies began to decline. deep down the extracurricular activities these fraternities were only for men at the time, and these groups formed trueness and a bond. The Greek- letter fraternity modify an emotional and neighborly rather than a curricular space. The Greek life did more for the students and helps them mature and focus on confederacy efforts, and serve a further purpose. straight off in extracurricular ActivitiesThe activities are social organizations, disposal organizations, and intercollegiate athletic programs. These programs brook students to work with one another. The most car park activities found on campuses are, student political relation, athletics, academic and professional organizations, inform and service think activities, multicultural activities, arts, and other activities. disciples who are multiform in governance organizations such as student government and res idence foyer government are elected by peers to be the juncture of the students to the university administration. These positions give the students a sense of responsibility, and allow students to systema skeletale connections, that can be indwelling in the nearly future for jobs. Student government trading operations contain allocating silver to other organizations, supply programs tie in to student interest, and helps variant a triple-crown campus biotic community. athletic contest is commonly well known in universities and colleges in the linked States, from intramural and intercollegiate. Requires a lot of commitment, of time, practice, and competing.intramural sports give opportunities to non-varsity student athletes to enjoy and play the sport, while competing against friends. The academic and professional organizations hit you for the job. They learn about job related nationals, and what skills to you need to endure successful. Volunteer and assistance is m ainly the community service font and this help you build connections withother hatful while circumstances a greater purpose by helping the local community, and other communities worldwide. multicultural activities help raise awareness, and understand divers(a) cultures, ethnic, and racial backgrounds. The art activities included plays, musicals, and trip the light fantastic toe concerts and students get to turn out their talent. Some universities take hold marching bands, orchestra, and interpret groups. Other activities they can progress to on campuses are unearned organizations, for students who maintain a certain academic grade point average.Conclusion there are disparate activities on college campuses, and all of them promote some a social importance, and they all function for the student to be involved and develop a culture. The activities build self-esteem, students feels more affiliated to their peers, and By take part in extracurricular activities, they will mo ther something they enjoy and happen upon how they can use that as a career. Participating in certain extracurricular activities having to do with the field that the student is raise in could help them find a job. Extracurricular activities are a part of students every day life. They play all-important(a) roles in students lives. They have absolute set up on students lives by improving behavior, school performance, school completion, positive aspects to make successful adults, and social aspects.

Fly Guys Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fly Guys - Research Paper ExampleThe author of the research paper Fly Guys analyses the operations of Fly Guys that fit outdo and access operations. Both spreadsheets and databases are essential in the daily functions of many businesses including Aircraft operations. While it is not necessarily essential to select between databases and spreadsheets, they are a great deal suited to diverse types of tasks. Comprehending the key diversities between excels and access is fundamental if one want to make the optimal use of either or both. Spreadsheets and databases share a number of features, precisely they comprise of different technologies (Smith 2015). Databases commonly involve an elevated level of the technical procedure. Both spreadsheets and databases provide a range of processing capabilities. employ these, an soul or organization can manipulate, arrange and filter statistics. Databases provide a greater variety of complexity in considering data exploitation, but this mustines s be provided in SQL code or scripting format (Smith 2015). However, for fundamental data applications, spreadsheets offer users with a variety of automated capabilities, which are available to users who do not have a great deal technical experience. A number of data organization needs are only potential using databases, but wherever this is not the scenario a worksheet may offer a more usable alternative. Access to a spreadsheet is at times imperfect to one individual at a time. With database organization systems, however, many people can acquire the same statistics set.

Analyzing Organisation Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analyzing Organisation Behavior - Assignment ExampleDemocratic organisations are effective because they encourage creativity, patronage satisfaction and high productivity1. When companies need to make quick decisions, democratic styles becomes ineffective due to delayed decision-making process. Some companies use Laissez-faire style under this style, leading give their team members a lot of freedom to work and set deadlines on their own2. This style is effective where workers have the knowledge, skills and self-motivation to work.The organizational theory seeks to meet the presumed concerns and needs of the managers through providing them with theoretical frameworks that they can deploy in order to achieve the competitive advantage. Organisation theory addresses the problems of planning, organising, and controlling the organisation3. The practice of direction is concerned with the concrete aspects of running businesses. Companies apply the general principles of the theory of org anisation to solve the challenges facing the organisation. Asda hires employees with advanced degrees in management subjects to executive positions this is because the company believes that trained employees have provide themselves with the theoretical aspects of the management, which they will apply in their practice.The approaches to management that companies can adopt include bureaucracy, human relations, and situational approaches. Asdas approaches to leadership are situational and bureaucracy the company believes that management actions are determined by certain actions outside the system or subsystem. According to situational approach, organisational actions should be based on behaviour of actions in order to retard proper integration of the system with the environment4. Situational approach is effective to Asda because it enables the management to provide for flexibility in dealing with issues. This approach, however, has been criticised in other organisations such as Kodak and come on

What are Yang and Yin in Chinese philosophy Essay

What are Yang and Yin in Chinese philosophy - Essay ExampleThis philosophical concept also has a rich chronological record since its discovery and elaboration by ancient Chinese philosophers. The philosophical ideology was approximately formulated in 700BC (Mou, 2003). Since the onset of this period, every phenomenon in the physical and social domains was reduced to yin and yang. The concept of yin and yang was introduced and enhanced by ancient scholars in the Yin dynasty (Mou, 2003). The scholars developed the ideology in gradual steps through history. Yin and yang generally involves the opposite and complementary color association among two different phenomena. The philosophical concept represents two opposite principles in all factors of nature. Yin and yang concepts are key contributors towards specific processes of lurch. Therefore, the kindred of yin and yang is only observable and evident in the progression of change (Mou, 2003). The end declaration of this affiliation of the opposite nips is development. Development therefore is attained through the complementary interaction of the opposite forces of yin and yang. The attainment of change through the gradual interaction of the opposite forces gives a new definition to situations (Mou, 2003). Events are always dynamic in the interaction of yin and yang. In this case, the affiliation of the yin and yang forces keeps shifting throughout the interaction. Dominance of either force determines the progression of the development process. Despite of the dominance of a single force, the yin and yang keeps complementing champion another for the process of development (Mou, 2003). The association of yin and yang is universal in all situations of change or development. As denoted previously, the principle of yin and yang applies universally in diverse contexts of change and development. It explains social and physical processes through evaluation of diverse affiliations amongst complementary and opposite ph enomenon (Mou, 2003). As a philosophical ideology, the concept of yin and yang explains social as well as physical processes. For example, there has been a signifi tint application of the yin and yang concept in Chinese medicine. This is one of the physical domains that illustrate the concepts of yin and yang in explaining change processes (Mou, 2003). The yin force represents a block of specific characteristics. The yin force represents passive, female, as well as negative principle of nature. It comprises a shaded orientation, the moon, and the north or shady side of a hill. The yin force also represents the southwestward of a river (Mou, 2003). The yang force represents the opposite constituents of the yin force. This force comprises of active, positive as well as male principle of nature. It entails the sunny or south of the hill. It as well represents the north of a river (Mou, 2003). Evidently, the yin and yang forces reflect and characterize opposing features. The forces are therefore mutually exclusive to each other. The medics in China get this association significantly in the explanation of change processes in the field. Yin and yang relationships have basic features in their interactions. Aspects of Yin and Yang relationship Inter-transformation Yin and yang relationships are characterized by inter-transformational courses. One force can change into the other through the process of their interaction (Mou, 2003). This aspect is facilitated by the complementary affiliation of the two opposite forces. The inter-transformational feature is however not a random event. It has its appointed time as determined by the course of the affiliation that exists within the forces (Mou, 2003). The time dependent inter-transformation also defines the nature of the ultimate result of development. Therefore, when the

The Anti-Slavery Movement of the Early Twentieth Century Essay - 1

The Anti-Slavery Movement of the Early Twentieth Century - Essay ExampleThree such famous works be the Letter from Birmingham Jail, The suffrage or the type slug, and Race and Identity in America by Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and Glenn C. Loury respectively. While they all worked for gaining Civilian Rights for the Blacks, they are largely different in their move up and methods. This paper looks into the possible similarities and the evident differences and their relevance to their leaders.In the first place, there is an interesting comparison between the Letter from Birmingham Jail and The Ballot or the Bullet in terms of the underlying beliefs that drive the movement led by the deuce different leaders of the time. They show an acute connection between the two authors Martin Luther King and Malcolm x both were religious leaders and thinkers and so were the philosophies of their civil disobedience movements. Both of them agree that God is the supreme justice and that any som eone born on earth is entitled to personal dignity and worth, which is God-given. Both converge in yet another idea about human rights. They tactile property that it is something to be claimed as they feel that they are not just human-rights but are God-given. Both of them considered that the black should be given the right to vote and that government activity is to be used to a certain extent up until it helps realize a moral end. However, they differ in a few areas. There are strong disagreements between them on the concept of non-violence.Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King is a response to the charges against his non-violent movement or retaliation. The local clergymen had charged his actions as extremism, as one that is not to be continued rather stopped immediately.

Abraham and Jacob Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abraham and Jacob - Essay Examplearity between these two patriarchs rests in the strength of their faith and their obedience to the Lord, which set them apart from the former(a) Hebrews and qualifies them as patriarchs.Abraham is the earliest Hebrew patriarch and plays an important role because theology made a covenant with him, to make him the father of a great acres I will establish my covenant between me and you, and your offspring after you throughout their generations. (Genesis 177). God entered into a similar covenant with Jacob at Bethel to dedicate his offspring with good things ..all the families of the earth shall be blessed in you and your offspring.know that I am with you and will keep you wherever you go(Genesis 2815).The singular similarity between these two patriarchs is the strength of their faith, which is why they are called and chosen by God to be the patriarchs of the Jewish people. Abrahams exemplary faith is show throughout his story, in his prompt obedience to the Lord. When God calls to him and says, Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and.offer him there as a burnt offering (Genesis 222), Abraham does non hesitate to obey, even if it means sacrificing his only son. Jacob is also able to survive in an alien country on the strength of his faith in God. He enters Egypt penniless but when he leaves Egypt, he is a rich man. Despite Labans efforts to cheat him on several occasions, the strength of his faith ensures a arouse flow of the Lords blessings, so that he is able to flourish and thrive and his twelve sons become the forbears of the twelve tribes of Israel.Abraham the patriarch was the flag bearer of Gods covenant with the Hebrew people. Abrahams role as patriarch is unique in that he was the first one that God selected, promising him that He would make him the father of a great nation. It was after God established his covenant with Abraham that the requirement for circumcision was set out, which forever

Lenovo's global strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Lenovos global strategy - Assignment ExampleApply the analytical underpinnings of international melodic line to real world and up-to-date case study situations in order to inform and commit international business decision-making. As explain in rogue no3 of the Moodle guide. The question no 2 2 (a) Using one specific Multinational Company (MNC) that is headquartered in one of the following countries- Brazil, Russia, India, china or South Africa, Mexico, Nigeria or Turkey - identify and critically evaluate the strategies used by the company to internationalise. (50%) Guide 1800-2000 words. Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 4 & 5 (b) What recommendations, i.e. approaching strategic direction, would you make for the MNC to sustain its competitive advantage? (30%) Guide - 1000 words. LO 4 & 5 (c) Structure, format & standard of English (10%) (d) References and referencing skills (10%) This assignment is an investigation of Lenovos initiatives and strategies in order to expand overseas. As a C hinese company, it adopted a hybrid internationalization model (hence the claim of in the raw way and neighboring generation in its self-description) that is typified by the Chinese socio-cultural characteristics such as collectivism and long-term orientation in tandem with conventional methods of international expansion and blotto state intervention. Lenovo, today, is one of the leading global manufacturers of computers. In its corporate website, the expanse of the organization was described in the following statement Lenovo is a US$21 billion personal technology company and the worlds second-largest PC vendor. We have much than 26,000 employees in more than 60 countries serving customers in more than 160 countries We create and build exceptionally engineered personal technology, but we are much more than a tech company. We are defining a new way of doing things as a next generation global company (Lenovo 2012). This achievement is a result of a daring global strategy of a Chi nese firm with humble beginnings to become one of the multinational companies (MNC) in its industry. The Chinese Context The Chinese government plays a strong role in the manner by which domestic firms began to pursue MNC ambitions. This is revealed in many empirical studies examining the motivations of chinawares outward FDI (e.g. Taylor 2002, Deng 2004, Liu and Li 2002 and Zhang and Filippov 2009). The current policy is radically divers(prenominal) from the Chinese position during the open door policies in the 1970s and the policies adopted when China became a member of the World Trade Organization (Sung 2009 and, Bhattasali, Li and Martin 2004). During this period, Chinas policies were more focused on dealing with the global trade flows (Laal and Albaladejo, 2004). The policy trend favors a more aggressive outward flow of direct investment. As a matter of fact, it is part of public policy. China mandated that companies should go global (Bell 2008, p.254). This mandate entailed support that covers the legal, financial and political aid from the government. What this means is that loans are available, the domestic conditions for business is favorable (such as streamlined business approval process), and the mechanisms that encourage production, sales and exports are in place. For instance, China created key agencies that approves and facilitate export

Global Strategy College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Strategy College - Essay ExampleBanai and Sama (2004) argue that empirical evidence indicates that MNCs who betray a preference for home country employees/managers, do not simply establish themselves as foreign entities within their host economies but, place themselves at the forefront of ethical questioning and suspicion. Rather than be regarded by host country citizens as potential employers and sources of foreign investment, they are regarded as conduits for the channeling of financial resources from the host economy to the parent one (Banai and Sama, 2004). Needless to say, this constrains the potential for positive cooperation between the MNCs in question and the host economy. Insofar as Pfizer is concerned, it will further cast suspicion on the veracity of its publicized slogans. Judging by the stated, therefore, Pfizer should rely on host-country employees.In addition to the above stated the argument for reliance on host country employees is further fortified by the r eally nature of the industry within which Pfizer operates.

Essentials Mangement (report) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Essentials Mangement (report) - Essay ExampleThe Essentials Management is all about finding solutions to help the organisation to improve efficiency, reduce costs, decrease cycle time and button up strategic initiatives. What are the issues before an ambitious management and an expanding establishment? Find solutions to short term and long term problems, lookout and seize the opportunities wellhead in time in this fast moving age of industrial and internet revolution, tackle critical issues posed from time to time and improve forte in functions and crucial programs. Of the four important factors of production, land, labor, capital and organisation, labor (workforce at all levels) is important. The employees contribute build an organisation just as sometimes it is claimed that the employees can break it. For the organisation to become prosperous and grow employees (including officials of the top management) submit to be basically sound and industrious and basic conditions and fav ourable atmosphere need to be created for them to become basically sound and industrious.If everything is important, then nothing is.Whether it is a multinational corporation, a department within a larger company, or a small entrepreneurial venture, every organisation provides its leader with more distractions and concerns than one person can handle. The key to managing this challenge, of course, is to identify a reasonable number of issues that forget have the greater possible impact on the success of your organization, and then spend most your time thinking about, talking about, and working on those issues.(Lencioni, 2006, introduction. xi) The phrases equivalent decentralization, delegate tariff etc. often find favor in an expanding organisation. The modern management science favours these techniques. But the critical point for the success of organization is somewhere else. The growth of an organization needs to be a healthy growth. None but the head of an organisation can mak e it healthy. To delegate responsibility for

COURSE WORK. OIL AND GAS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

COURSE WORK. OIL AND GAS - Assignment ExampleEsso, Exxon and Mobil are the brands in which the company uses to consolidate the market. These are energy products used in the petrochemical industry, lubrication and transport industry, and companies that require petroleum energy to drive their production (Coll 2012, Abreu 2010 and Choi, 2008).This subject is a wrap up on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that face the company. It provides a critical evaluation of the above elements of the company, and where possible, this paper gives examples, and explains them. The main aim of this analysis is to predict the future potential of the weakness, and advice investors on whether it is impertinent to invest in this company.The importance of this SWOT analysis is to identify whether it is a wise venture to invest in ExxonMobil. To effectively explain the strengths of the organization, this paper highlights the by-line issues in regard to ExxonMobil, its position as the m ost dominant player in its field of operation, and its varied sources of revenue. This paper recognizes the companys stable economic performance as one of its strengths.This paper identifies and explains the following as the weaknesses of the organization, excessive legal proceedings, employee instability, and a week upstream performance in the United States economy, and its tie-in with dictatorial regimes in African countries such as Chad. It identifies the opportunities of this company as, emerging markets for energy in china, an increase for the demand of liquefied gas, increase in lucrativeness due to its extensive base, among others.In identifying and describing the threats the organization faces, this paper focuses on the economic recession in United States of America and Europe, piracy and terror threats, and laws regulating the environment. This paper has a conclusion, and it is an analysis of the various described, and it gives a recommendation on whether investing in th e company is

Double Jeopardy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Double Jeopardy - Essay ExampleAll states embrace the concept of triplex endangerment in their own constitutions and statutes. Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784 (1969) saw the Supreme Court mandate that all federal and state prosecutions must take into consideration the federal double luck clause. As a result, all citizens in spite of the different constitutions followed by the state they reside receive the same amount of protection against the federal double fortune clause (Thomas, 1998). In order to internalize the concept of double luck, courts must first identify the legal proceedings that necessitate double jeopardy protection. As per The Fifth Amendment, cases that threatened the life or limb of an offender otherwise referred to as capital crimes or corporal punishments qualified for double jeopardy protection. The US Supreme Court modified this to include juvenile delinquency, felonies and misdemeanors. Double jeopardy protection only applies to criminal legal proceedings, w hich are punitive in nature and serve to bring retribution and deterrence from criminal behavior. Conversely, it does not apply to civil proceedings, which are remedial in nature directed towards compensating those struck by the offender. However, an offender can face both civil and criminal legal suits for the same offence without disregarding the double jeopardy claus

The Concept of Healthy Lunch Provision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Concept of Healthy Lunch Provision - Essay ExampleRoundabout cardinal years ago, a lunch program for the school children American federal was introduced to make them healthy. During the great depression of the 1930s, the concept of the school lunch program was introduced by the provision of a small number of funds through government on the ad hoc basis. But these funds were not enough for each scholarly person of every school, and poor students were in need of food due to the stark of world war two. In 1946, a political party Congress carry an initial step to pass an Act as a measure of national security by naming it National School Act. It was a guaranteed law for the food provided to the millions of needy school children. The provision of school lunch program by the government of America not only benefited the children but also spread out the range of business communities of agriculture and cafeteria fields on the basis of the subsidized food program. In the start, the pro gram was not as successful due to leave out of proper management, but in these days the lunch is totally free of cost for those children whose families have low incomes or belong to poor class (HINMAN). A British TV chef Jamie Oliver stated about the school lunch menus during ABC News interview that, Children are getting diabetes, heart disease, and all sorts of diseases that only employ to show up in adults, because of the food they are eating. We can influence this in a massive way by improving at least one daily meal, school lunch. When there was no restriction of lunch commodities by the Government officials, then the school administrations did not care for calorie assure strategies and the students were free to whatever they like.

Painful Ankle Medical Treatment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Painful Ankle Medical Treatment - Case Study ExampleMedications The patient has been on analgesics broad-spectrum antibiotics regimen that ended leash days ago provided at the clinic. No other medication currently.Allergies The client has a specific protein food allergies, cannot eat eggs. There is no known medicate allergies.Immunisation Tetanus injection immediately after the cut (one week ago) scheduled for a repeat (booster) in three weeks time (Greaves and Johnson 2002, p.38).SH the patient is married, living with the married woman and two children. He is a farmer while his wife owns a grocery shop. Does not smoke but occasionally takes alcohol.His hobbies include reading, listening to medicine and tending the flowers.O/E Stable general outlook. Not sick-looking. NAD on examination of the head, Neck, back, chest. Hands.Left foot The ankle joint is swollen. The patient reports plaguy joint and cannot move well.ROM ROM Active Flexion- Cannot flex the ankle due to unhinge on a nterior aspect Extension- full range with minimal pain on movementAbduction- painful Adduction- painfulMedial Rotation- painful Passive Flexion- full range with pain on anterior aspect the ankleExtension- full range painful Abduction- full range painfulMedial Rotation- painfulResistive Flexion-with intense pain on anterior aspect of ankleExtension- painful Abduction- painfulMedial Rotation- painfulImpression Ankle sprain

Leonardo Da Vinci Biography And Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leonardo Da Vinci Biography And Artwork - Essay Examplec contributions of Davinci and the image of the angel has evoked rock with regard to its pose, complexion, and non conventional form (Scaramella). The Baptism of Christ One of the most famous motion pictures of Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa an oil moving-picture show painted on a poplar tree wood. This was created between 1503 and 1519, and is the most parodied piece of maneuver till date. harmonize to critics, Da Vinci kept a long held mystery that loomed over her eyebrows. The image in the painting is believed to be the portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo. Mona Lisa is painted in a realistic scale. It has a complete volume typically seen in sculpture in the round. The painting is believed to have been created between 1503 and 1506. Da Vincis Mona Lisa is the earliest Italian portrait to focus so nominately on a passenger in a half-length portrait. Mona Lisa is highly realistic and that is attributed t o the technique of sfmuto he used to blend and shade the contours from his light to dark work and to soften the image to make it more lifelike. As Botton points out, Christianity maintained the Aristotles concept that miseries of works were an appropriate means of expiating the sins of Adam and it was since the advent of Leonardo and Michelangelo that new notes began to be heard (106). Mona Lisa Evidently, monalisa as a fantastic work of art has been the topic for reseac over centuries. Although researchers are at odds regarding various aspects of the painting, they all converge at the point that Da Vincis art worth great appreciation for ever. Recent studies conducted on the painting have brought out amazing findings about the secrets the painter had employed in the creation of his masterpiece. According to Cotte, the founder of Lumiere Technology... Da Vincis relationship with the Roman Catholic Church itself is a topic for debate. Many believe that da Vinci was not a unwavering believer of Catholic Church despite the fact that many of his paintings are based on biblical themes. For instance, as Roscis notes, Leonardo adopted an empirical sexual climax to ein truth thought, opinion, and action and accepted no truth unless verified or verifiable, whether related to natural phenomena, human behavior, or social activities.And hence, according to this observation, da Vinci did not believe in the Catholic dogma and was an insurgent seeking to over through the false beliefs of the society in which he lived. Evidently, as compared to Michelangelo, da Vinci got still a nominal support from the Catholic Church in his pursuit. In the same way, Leonardos relationship with his contemporary Michelangelo also was not very substantial, the reason for which is still not sure. However, he was an exceptional figure in the history that proved his part in almost all branches of art and science. In total, Leonardo Da Vinci is considered to be an artist, an inventor and an emi nent scientist whose ideas were centuries ahead than the time he lived. More than five hundred years Da Vincis temper as a famous painter rested with a number of paintings which is considered to be the ultimate masterpieces in the world. Da Vincis exceptional draftsmanship is clear in his larger body of drawings which were later seen in a number of European art works and in art galleries.

BMW Strategic Scenario ( Corporate Strategy) Case Study

BMW Strategic Scenario ( Corporate Strategy) - Case Study ExampleOther gondola car manufacturers are hurriedly exhausting to imitate the Toyota philosophy in their work place. The other car substitutes for BMW include Volkswagen, General Motors and Ford. These car manufacturers use the same parts in their car models and car check offs(Larsson & Falkemark, 20065) .Indias conglomerate TATA has bought the Jaguar from Ford company for one billion pounds. The Jaguar is expected to produce its new medium saloon, the XF, that was sold in Mar1 in the fall in Kingdom and on in April in the United States. The Jaguar had suffered a slump in sales by as much as twoscore five percent in the last month alone. This percentage data is translated to having only seven cytosine fifty seven cars sold in January alone. The stream Jaguar model is the S -type car. In fact, there had been over eight thousand orders for the XF jaguar model around the world. Even Tony Blair tested the XF model himself . The BMW brand also suffered a decline in sales in the same January period.There was a decline of eight percent decrease in sales for the same month of January alone. This is translated into only two thousand five hundred sixteen cars sold for the same thirty day period. The Nipponese car, Toyota, which builds cars for prospective clients in Burnaston and Derby, UK had dropped by eleven percent to only eight thousand, four hundred eighty seven only. The Japanese car manufacturing company, Honda, has been producing its cars in Swindon, United Kingdom. Honda has suffered the same mess of declining sales because its sales had declined by two percent. This can be translated to actual sales of only seven thousand seven hundred units. Another Japanese car company, Nissan, has been increasing its car sales. Nissan was able to sell many of its Qashqai model introducing an increase of thirty percent. This can be translated to four thousand six hundred sixty -six new Nissan Qasqui model (U K Car Industry Cuts, 2008, p. 22). The 2006 year ended with BMW only generating 5.4 percent of the entire car commercialize. the Volkswagen group generated twenty percent of the car market. The average Japanese OEMs gathered a big thirteen and fifty /100 percent of the car market. Meanwhile, Daimler only got a smaller six and 2/10 percent of the market. Renault had gathered eight and 6/10 percentx. Daimler is one of the major competitors of BMW. This company focuses on highly salable products in the car market segments that include mid -size, luxury and sports utility vehicles. Another strong competitor of BMW is the German car manufacturing company called Audi. Audi is a subsidiary car company called Volkswagen. Audi focuses on the very lucrative luxury and high performance car market segment (BMW207 company profile edition 3 Competitor analysis,2007p.7). 3.What are the line competencies required in the BMW group industry BMW has many key competencies. The company has been able t o develop a new petrol engine family in a joint cooperation project. These engines are used in future models of its MINI cars. This was possible with the help of Matts Carlsons scientific mind. BMW has also

Hals Hardware Essay Example for Free

Hals ironware EssayHals hardware Inc. s regional, therefore they only have stores (14 of them) in three states. This scope of clients is a weakness because of their competitors such as Home Depot and Lowes are not regional Franchise Hardware Stores. Hals Hardware Inc. doesnt have a good business process to deal with a national scale demand. The size of the products that can be delivered at present to the customer is also limited. Hals Hardware Inc. can adapt to an online website filled with the items they sell because all of they have a database of all their items they ever had. Hals Hardware Inc. will be able to expand their stores as well as apply their demonstrations online, have accessibility, and a will adopt new ways elbow room of attracting customers. Convenience to the customers is especially possible to provide due to the order online and pick-up in-store idea. Hals Hardware Inc. , if developing an e-commerce, will have to consider the factors of their decision. The y will be face immense competitions from larger Hardware industries and e-commerce Businesses who in which has a higher area profile, a vast scope of customers.With other e-commerce Businesses, the threat of losing manufacturing companies from selling via Hals Hardware Inc. , and directly selling their products online using e-commerce sites such as Amazon, and other sites with a wide target client coverage. There are numerous additions that the company may resort to in order to remain strong amidst other competitors. Hals Hardware can make use of the aspect of connection and service that theyve demonstrable in-store and apply it on their website. This can be done in various ways.First, wanted ads from constructors should have a place on the website. From these projects, the web site could apprize tools and materials which would bring the attention of customers to certain items by showing how they can be used. Second, website could also be host for methods of nurture. In the st ore and tool demonstrations already occur. Online, the instruction manuals that they give out in store could be uploaded, for example. There could also be videos of the tool demonstrations to help online customers see the products in action. Third, seminars and workshops may be cordial online.Fourth, customers should be allowed to submit reviews of products that theyve purchased either online or in-store. Moreover, schedules of seminars and workshops should be available online in order to advertise store events and draw in more people both(prenominal) to the website and to the store. With regard to their purchasing process, Hals Hardware should implement a way by which customers can find the store nearest to them prior to completing a transaction. Seeing as some items cannot be delivered directly to the customer due the size of the product and its effect on the price of shipping, the company should consider good-looking the customer the option of hipping their orders to their hom e or to a store. To go along with this, solid return and warranty policies should be constructed in order to cater customer satisfaction. To address areas in which their stock and resources are lacking, the company may make use of the site to post advertisements for manufacturers and distributors who would like to have their products or resources available in the store. Otherwise, the existence of a database will be a great help in forming the website. Stock will likely be updated as much as possible as the current database is changed in real-time.The amount of stock and location of products are already integrated into the current system. Both elements are incredibly helpful to online customers. Overall, the website should focus on forming a good relationship between the company and the customers. The community atmosphere should translate to the website. The tight-knit nature of HHIs customer community isnt usually present in large chain stores. If the website contains features tha t nurture this, then it has a standing chance against its competitors.

Sample Questions Essay Example for Free

Sample Questions EssayPrice is down the stairs the minimum of median(a) protean follow. b. Fixed tolls best versatile follows. c. come fixed represents be rising. d. Marginal exist is above average uncertain cost. 4 In the long run, a profit-maximizing cockeyed exit choose to exit a market when a. Fixed be exceed sunk cost. b. Average fixed cost is rising. c. Revenue from reapingion is less than substance costs. d. b be(a) cost exceeds bankal revenue at the cur hang-up direct of outturn. 5 When squiffys remove an incentive to exit a war-ridden market, their exit get out a. Drive down market fiscal values. b. Drive down shekels of existing firms in the market. . f either down the criterion of practiseds supplied in the market. d. All of the above atomic number 18 align. 6 In a suddenly competitive market, the process of entry or exit ends when a. Firms atomic number 18 operating with excess power. b. Firms argon making zero sparing profit. c . Firms experience decreasing marginal revenue. d. Price is pit to marginal cost. 7 Equilibrium quantities in markets characterized by oligopoly is a. Lower than in monopoly markets and higher than in absolutely competitive markets. b. Lower than in monopoly markets and lower than in improvely competitive markets.Higher than in monopoly markets and higher than in perfectly competitive markets. d. Higher than in monopoly markets and lower than in perfectly competitive markets. 8 In scotchs the central problem is a. b. c. d. e. Allocation. Con center fieldption. Scarcity. M sensationy. fruition. c. 9 Indicate below what is non a factor of production. a. Land. b. A bank loan. c. Labor. d. Capital. 10 Macro scotchs deals with a. The air of firms. b. Economic aggregates. c. The activities of individual units. d. The behavior of the electronics perseverance. 11 Microeconomics is non concerned with the behavior of a. Aggregate pauperism. . Consumers. c. Industries. d. Firms. 12 T he study of inflation is part of a. Normative economics. b. Macroeconomics. c. Microeconomics. d. Descriptive economics. 13 Aggregate supplies is the total add up a. Produced by the government. b. Of products let ond by a prone industry. c. Of labor supplied by all house deferrals. d. Of trade reasoneds and service constructd in an economy. 14 The total demand for goods and services in an economy is known as a. National demand. b. Economy-wide demand. c. Gross national product. d. Aggregate demand. 15 If marginal benefit is greater than marginal cost, a rational choice involves a.More of the activity. b. Less of the activity. c. No to a greater extent of the activity. d. More or less, depending on the benefits of different activities. 16 A student chooses to study because the marginal benefit is greater than the ________ cost. a. average b. total c. marginal d. expected 17 Periods of less than full employment correspond to a. b. c. d. Points outside the production calamity abridge. Points inside the production possibility thread. Points on the production possibility dilute. Either points inside or outside the production possibility curve. 18 The circular flow of goods and incomes shows the relationship betwixt a.Income and money. b. Wages and salaries. c. Goods and services. d. Firms and households. 19 In a free market system, the essence of goods and services that either one household gets depends upon its a. Income. b. Wage and interest income. c. Wealth. d. Income and wealth. 20 In a planned or see to it economy, all the economic conclusivenesss atomic number 18 taken by the a. Consumers. b. Workers. c. Government. d. Voters. Answers for Multiple Choice Questions 1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (a) 6 (b) 7 (d) 8 (c) 11(a) 12(b) 13(d) 16(c) 17(b) 18(d) 4 (c) 9 (b) 14(d) 19(d) 5 (c) 10 (b) 15(a) 20(c) Chapter-2 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICSMultiple Choice Questions 1 The word that comes from the Greek word for one who manages a household is a. Market. b . Consumer. c. maker. d. Economy. 2 economic science deals primarily with the concept of a. Scarcity. b. Poverty. c. Change. d. Power. 3 Which of the chase is NOT included in the decisions that every society must make? a. what goods will be produced b. who will produce goods c. what de bourneines consumer alternatives d. who will consume the goods 4 In a market economy, characterized by Capitalism, there is full interference by the State in the economic activities of consumers and producers. a) substantial (b) faithlessly 5 In a market system of economy, there is no harmony among individual interests and interests of the community. (a) genuine (b) assumed 6 Efficiency is the relation between returns and cost. (a) veritable (b) rancid 7 The subject matter of macro economic includes the theory of income and employment at an individual level. (a)True (b) fictional 8 Rational decision results infor the employees. a. Division of work. b. Centralization. c. Discipline. d. Motiv ation 9 A Theory Y approach is more suitable where a job offers a. a high degree of built-in satisfaction. b.The ability to exercise initiative. c. An element of problem solving. d. All of the above. 10 Breech identifies 4 main elements of c atomic number 18. They ar planning, control, coordination and a. The division of work. b. Centralization. c. Discipline. d. Motivation. 11 Many well-known bank line economists participate in public debates. (a)True (b) off 12 Marginal Utility is the utility derived from the additional unit of a commodity consumed. (a)True (b) ridiculous 13 Compared to the static model, the fishing effort in a propellant model is potential to be a. Larger. b. Smaller. c. Similar. . Larger or smaller. 14 Land, labor, and money are the three categories of economic resources. (a)True (b) False 15 Which of the interest is non an interest rate derivative used for interest rate management? Interest rate guarantee a. base b. Swap c. Cap d. All of the above ar e interest rate derivatives 16 An agreement which guarantees an investor a minimum return on a pencil lead amount is called a a. Cap b. Executive stock option c. Stock option d. Floor 17 Which of the factors listed below is not a reason for decision making in formations being a complex process? a.Modern information systems enable citizenry to evaluate a wrap of possible outcomes b. Factors in the current context of the organization affect the decision c. Several stakeholders will assume an interest in the decision d. People have to make decisions in a historical context 18 The overall process of decision making in, for example, round selection includes which of these stages? a. Deciding which movedidate to appoint b. Identifying the need for a new member of staff c. Agreeing the job specification d. All of the above 19 A manager who is helping a customer return al virtually shoes they purchased last week is dealing with what type of decision? . Un originalty b. Non-programme d decision c. Bounded rationality d. Programmed decision 20 Decision making situations can be categorized along a scale which throw ups from a. Uncertainty to certainty to risk b. inference to uncertainty to risk c. Certainty to risk to uncertainty d. Certainty to risk to uncertainty to ambiguity Answers for Multiple Choice Questions 1 (d) 2 (a) 3 (c) 6 (a) 7 (b) 8 (d) 11(a) 12(a) 13(a) 16(d) 17(a) 18(d) 4 (b) 9 (d) 14(b) 19(d) 5 (b) 10 (d) 15(d) 20(d) Chapter-3 CONCEPT OF DEMAND Multiple Choice Questions 1 The amount demanded of Pepsi has settled.The silk hat explanation for this is that a. The outlay of Pepsi annexd. b. Pepsi consumers had an improver in income. c. Pepsis advertising is not as powerful as in the past. d. The cost of Coca Cola has increased. 2 learn curves are derived while holding unvarying a. Income, tastes, and the cost of other goods. b. Tastes and the value of other goods. c. Income and tastes. d. Income, tastes, and the bell of the good. 3 When the lessening in the damage of one good causes the demand for another good to decrease, the goods are a. Normal b. Inferior c. Substitutes d.Complements 4 deem the demand for good Z goes up when the charge of good Y goes down. We can say that goods Z and Y are a. Substitutes. b. Complements. c. Un matchd goods. d. perfective transfigures. 5 If the demand for coffee decreases as income decreases, coffee is a. An inferior good. b. A dominion good. c. A complementary good. d. A substitute good. 6 Which of the chase will NOT cause a shift in the demand curve for compact discs? a. A limiting in the terms of pre-recorded c summationte tapes. b. A change in income. c. A change in the charge of compact discs. d. A change in wealth. When excess demand occurs in an unregulated market, there is a tendency for a. bill supplied to decrease. b. measuring stick demanded to increase. c. Price to erect. d. Price to fall. 8 Market equilibrium exists when _____________ at the prevailing equipment casualty. a. b. c. d. measuring stick demanded is less than quantity supplied quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded quantity demanded equals quantity supplied quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied 9 A movement along the demand curve to the left whitethorn be caused by a. A decrease in add together. b. A rise in the price of excitants. c.A fall in the number of substitute goods. d. A rise in income. 10 The quantity demanded of a product rises whenever (a) The products price falls. (b) Incomes increase. (c) Population increases. (d) The prices of substitute goods rise. (e) Consumer tastes and preferences change. 11 The equilibrium quantity must fall when (a) There is a decrease in demand. (b) There is a decrease in supply. (c) There is an increase in price. (d) There is an increase in demand and supply. (e) There is a decrease in demand and supply 12 The demand curve will shift to the left for most consumer goods when (a) Incomes decrease. b) The prices of substitutes fall. (c) The prices of complements increase (d) All of the above. 13 Producer goods, also called intermediate goods, in economics, goods manufactured and used in further manufacturing, processing, or recut-rate sale. (a)True (b) False 14 Consumer goods are alternately called final goods, and the second term makes more sense in understanding the concept. (a)True (b) False 15 GDP stands for a. Gross Domestic harvesting b. Gross Deistic Product c. Gross dynamic product d. All of these 16 GNP stands for a. Gross national product b. Gross natural product c. Both (a)and (b) d. no(prenominal) of these 17 When the demand for a product is tied to the purchase of some parent product, its demand is called induced or derived. (a)True (b) False 18 An industry is the aggregate of firms (a)True (b) False 19 The right of demand implies that a. As prices fall, quantity demanded increases. b. As prices rise, quantity demanded increases. c. As prices fall, demand increase s. d. As prices rise, demand decreases. 20 When the market ope evaluate without interference, price increases will distribute what is useable to those who are willing and able to pay the most. This process is known as a. Price rationing. . Price fixing. c. Quantity adjustment. d. Quantity setting Answers for Self mind Questions 1 (a) 2 (d) 3 (c) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8 (c) 11(d) 12(d) 13(a) 16(a) 17(a) 18(a) 4 (b) 9 (a) 14(a) 19(a) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(a) 20(a) Chapter-4 DETERMINATION OF DEMAND 1 The demand for a product or a service depends on a host of factors. (a)True (b) False 2 Demand curves may also be shifted by changes in expectations. (a)True (b) False 3 Quantity demand is a specific quantity that buyers are willing and able to buy at a specific demand price. (a)True (b) False 4 If the price of a complement increases, all else equal, a.Quantity demanded will increase. b. Quantity supplied will increase. c. Demand will increase. d. Demand will decrease. 5 Which of the following would lead to an INCREASE in the demand for golf balls? a. An decrease in the price of golf balls. b. An increase in the price of golf clubs. c. A decrease in the cost of producing golf balls. d. An increase in average household income when golf balls are a normal good. 6 If input prices increase, all else equal, a. Quantity supplied will decrease. b. Supply will increase. c. Supply will decrease. d. Demand will decrease. 7 Which of the following would decrease the supply of wheat? . A decrease in the price of pesticides. b. An increase in the demand for wheat. c. A rise in the price of wheat. d. An increase in the price of corn. 8 When Sonoma Vineyards increases the price of its Chardonnay from $15 per bottle to $20 per bottle, the result is a decrease in a. The quantity of this wine demanded. b. The quantity of this wine supplied. c. The demand for this wine. d. The supply of this wine. 9 Which of the following will cause a change in quantity supplied? a. Technological change. b. A change i n input prices. c. A change in the market price of the good. d. A change in the number of firms in the market. 0 In which of the following cases will the effect on equilibrium sidetrack be undetermined (i. e. , depend on the magnitudes of the shifts in supply and demand)? a. Demand decreases and supply decreases. b. Demand system invariant and supply increases. c. Demand decreases and supply increases. d. Demand increases and supply increases. 11 An increase in the number of firms selling pizza will cause, ceteris paribus, (a) an increase in supply. (b) an increase in demand. (c) a decrease in quantity demanded. (d) a decrease in the quantity supplied. 12 A change in demand is a change in the ENTIRE demand relation. a)True (b) False 13 The demand for a given product will rise if a. Incomes rise for a normal good or fall for an inferior good b. The price of a complement falls c. The price of a substitute rises d. All of these 14 Two explanations for the law of demand are (a) Pric e and quantity effects. (b) switch and income effects. (c) Opportunity cost and replenishment effects. (d) Substitutes and inferior goods. (e) None of the above. 15 An increase in demand, ceteris paribus, will usually cause (a) A decrease in quantity demanded. (b) an increase in quantity supplied. (c) an increase in supply. d) a higher quantity and a lower price. 16. The quantity demanded of a product rises whenever (a) the products price falls. (b) incomes increase. (c) population increases. (d) the prices of substitute goods rise 17 The demand curve is declivitous because at a higher price for a good (ceteris paribus) (a) people buy fewer substitutes. (b) people buy more complements. (c) people search for substitutes. (d) income rises. (e) substitutes turn complements. 18 The supply curve is upward-sloping because at higher prices for a good (a) consumers search out more substitutes. (b) consumer income increases. c) demand is lower. (d) None of the above. 19 If the factors he ld constant along a supply or demand curve change, (a) the equilibrium may change. (b) the demand and supply equilibrium may be disrupted. (c) the supply or demand curve may shift. (d) All of the above. 20 If the price of crackers goes up when the price of cheese goes down, crackers and cheese are (a) inferior goods. (b) substitutes. (c) both(prenominal) substitutes and complements. (d) complements Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (a) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(a) 13(d) 16(a) 17(c) 18(d) 4 (d) 9 (c) 14(b) 19(a) 5 (d) 10 (c) 15(b) 20(d)Chapter-5 PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND 1 If the price breeze of demand for a good is . 75, the demand for the good can be described as a. normal b. rubberlike c. inferior d. nonresilient. 2. When the price of a product is increased 10 share, the quantity demanded decreases 15 percent. In this range of prices, demand for this product is a. elastic b. inelastic c. print-elastic. d. unitary elastic. 3. If the price snapshot of dema nd for a product is equal to 0. 5, then a 10 percent decrease in price will a. increase quantity demanded by 5 percent. b. increase quantity demanded by 0. percent. c. decrease quantity demanded by 5 percent. d. decrease quantity demanded by 0. 5 percent. 4 If an increase in the supply of a product results in a decrease in the price, but no change in the actual quantity of the product exchanged, then a. the price walkover of supply is zero. b. the price ginger snap of supply is infinite. c. the price elasticity of demand is unitary. d. the price elasticity of demand is zero. 5. If 100 units of product K are sold at a unit price of $10 and 75 units of product K are sold at a unit price of $15, one can conclude that in this price range a. emand for product K is elastic. b. demand for product K is inelastic. c. demand for product K has shifted to the right. d. consumers are sensitive to price changes of product K. 6 Total revenue falls as the price of a good increases if price ela sti city of demand is a. elastic. b. inelastic c. unitary elastic d. perfectly elastic. 7 The demand for Cheerios ce substantive is more price-elastic than the demand for cereals as a whole. This is best explained by the fact that a. Cheerios are a luxury. b. cereals are a necessity. c. there are more substitutes for Cheerios than for cereals as a whole. d. onsumption of cereals as a whole is greater than consumption of Cheerios. 8 What is the most likely effect of the development of television, videoc pluste players, and rental movies on the movie theater industry? a. b. c. d. decreased costs of producing movies increased demand for movie theater tickets movie theater tickets become an inferior good increased price elasticity of demand for movie theater tickets 9 The price elasticity of demand will increase with the length of the period to which the demand curve pertains because a. consumers incomes will increase. b. the demand curve will shift outward. . all prices will increase over time. d. consumers will be better able to find substitutes. 10. A state government wants to increase the evaluatees on cigarettes to increase tax revenue. (a)True (b) False 11 This tax would hardly be effective in raising new tax revenues if the price elasticity of demand is a. unity b. elastic c. inelastic d. perfectly elastic. 12. Sony is considering a 10 percent price reduction on its color television sets. If the demand for sets in this price range is inelastic A) revenues from color sets will remain constant. B) revenues derived from color sets will decrease.C) revenues derived from color sets will increase. D) the number of television sets sold will decrease 13 Elasticity of demand for a commodity with respect to change in its price. (a)True (b) False 14 An elasticity alternative in which infinitesimally small changes in price cause infinitely large changes in quantity. (a)True (b) False 15 Three factors that affect the numerical value of the price elasticity of demand are t he a. b. c. d. availability of substitutes time period of analysis proportion of budget All of these 16 The price elasticity of demand is one of four common elasticitys used in the analysis of the market. a)True (b) False 17 vitiate elasticity of demand is a. negative for complementary goods b. unitary for inferior goods. c. negative for substitute goods d. demonstrable for inferior goods. 18. A positive cross elasticity of demand co economical indicates that a. a product is an inferior good. b. a product is a normal good. c. dickens products are substitute goods. d. two products are complementary goods. 19 A market without legal prices is in equilibrium when a. quantity demanded equals price. b. the demand curve remains constant. c. quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. d. uantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied. 20 A relatively small change, say 1% on an INR 100,000 house, can make a cosmic difference in the buyers decision to buy. (a)True (b) False Answers fo r Self Assessment Questions 1 (d) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (a) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (d) 10 (a) 11(d) 12(c) 13(a) 14(a) 15(d) 16(a) 17(a) 18(c) 19(c) 20(a) Chapter-6 TYPES OF ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND 1 If it is observed that, in a particular market, price has risen and quantity exchanged has increased, it is likely that a. supply has increased. b. supply has decreased. c. demand has increased. d. emand has decreased. 2 The quantity of a good demanded rises from 1000 to 1500 units when the price falls from $1. 50 to $1. 00 per unit. The price elasticity of demand for this product is just about a. 1. 0 b. 16 c. 2. 5 d. 4. 0 3 If the elasticity of demand for a commodity is estimated to be 1. 5, then a decrease in price from $2. 10 to $1. 90 would be expected to increase daily gross revenue by a. 50% b. 1. 5% c. 5% d. 15% 4 A semi standing(prenominal) demand curve, as compared to a short-run demand curve for the same commodity, is generally a. more elastic b. less elastic c. of the same elasti city d. no(prenominal) of the above. The price elasticity of demand is 5. 0 if a 10 percent increase in the price results in a a. 2%decrease in quantity demanded. b. 5%decrease in quantity demanded. c. 10% decrease in quantity demanded d. 50% decrease in quantity demanded. 6 Demand for a good will likely be more elastic, a. The higher the level of income. b. The larger the proportion of monthly income dog-tired on it. c. The fewer the good substitutes available. d. The higher the price of complementary goods. 7 Demand will be more elastic, a. The higher the income. b. The lower the price. c. The shorter the passage of time after a permanent price increase. . The more substitutes available for the good. 8 The price elasticity of demand measures the sensitivity of demand to price changes. (a)True (b) False 9 If a good has no close substitutes and is regarded as a necessity by many consumers, then demand for the good will be quite elastic. (a)True (b) False 10 Cross elasticity of dem and is the ratio of the percentage change in demand for a good to the percentage change in price for another. (a)True (b) False 11 A 50 percent increase in price that results in a 90 percent decrease in the quantity demanded indicates that demand is elastic in this price range. a)True (b)False 12 Demands for most goods tend to become more elastic with the passage of time. (a)True (b) False 13 If two goods are substitutes, then an increase in the price of one good will leads to an increase in the demand for the other good. (a)True (b) False 14 If two goods are complements, then a decrease in the price of one good will results in a decrease in the demand of the other good. (a)True (b) False 15 The price elasticity of demand is the same as the slope of the demand curve. (a)True (b) False 16 If demand is price elastic, then a. a rise in price will raise total revenue. b. a fall in price will raise total revenue. . a fall in price will lower the quantity demanded. d. a rise in price wont have any effect on total revenues. 17 Complementary goods have a. The same elasticitys of demand. b. very low price elasticity of demand. c. negative cross price elasticity of demand with respect to each other. d. positive income elasticity of demand. 18 The price elasticity of demand generally tends to be a. smaller in the long run than in the short run. b. smaller in the short run than in the long run. c. larger in the short run than in the long run. d. unrelated to the length of time. 19 If the price elasticity of supply of doodads is 0. 0 and the price increases by 3 percent, then the quantity supplied of doodads will rise by a. 0. 60 percent. b. 0. 20 percent c. 1. 8 percent d. 18 percent. 20 If the cross-price elasticity between two commodities is 1. 5, a. The two goods are luxury goods. b. The two goods are complements. c. The two goods are substitutes. d. The two goods are normal goods. Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (d) 6 (b) 7 (d) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(a) 13 (a) 16(b) 17(c) 18(b) 4 (a) 9 (b) 14(b) 19(c) 5 (d) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(c) Chapter-7 SUPPLY ANALYSIS 1 The cost of factor inputs like land, labor, and capital has a major influence on supply. a)True (b) False 2 Which of the following factors will make the demand for a product more elastic? (Assume the product has a straight-line, downward sloping demand. ) a. The product has no close substitutes. b. A very small proportion of income is spent on the good. c. A long time period has elapsed since the products price changed. d. A lower price 3 For a given normal supply curve, the amount of a tax paid by the buyer will be larger a. the more elastic the demand. b. the more inelastic the demand. c. the income elasticity is equal to zero d. when the price is high. With a perfectly elastic demand and a normal supply (upward-slopping) a. consumers will bear the entire tax burden. b. consumers will not bear any tax burden. c. consumers and producer will split the tax burden in half. d. producers w ill not bear any tax burden. 5 Which of the following leads to the producers paying all of a tax? a. The supply is perfectly elastic. b. The supply is perfectly inelastic. c. The demand is unit elastic. d. The demand is perfectly inelastic. 6 The incidence (split) of sales tax is determined by the a. level of government which imposes the tax. b. federal government in all cases. c. greed of the seller. d. rice elasticity of supply and demand. 7 The market supply curve is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curve. (a)True (b) False 8 Supply determinants are five ceteris paribus factors that are held constant when a supply curve is constructed. (a)True (b) False 9 Supply is the willingness and ability of producers to make a specific quantity of output available to consumers at a particular price over a given period of time. (a)True (b) False 10 Individuals supply factors of production to firms. (a)True (b) False 11 The supply curve for tomatoes is not thus more elastic in the s hort run than in the momentary period. (a)True (b)False 2 Macroeconomic studies are based on empirical evidence. (a)True (b)False 13 Demand curve slopes upwards from left to right. (a) True (b)False 14 In the market, anyone who agrees to pay the requisite price of a product would be excluded from their consumption. (a) True (b)False 15 Aglets are the metal or plastic tips on shoelaces that make it easier to lace your shoes. The demand for aglets is probably a. perfectly elastic. b. inelastic. c. elastic but not perfectly elastic. d. unit elastic. 16 The cross elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a particular good to changes in the prices of a.Its complements but not its substitutes. b. its substitutes but not its complements. c. its substitutes and its complements d. neither its substitutes nor its complements. 17 If goods are complements, definitely their a. income elasticitys are negative b. income elasticitys are positive. c. cross elastici tys are positive. d. cross elasticitys are negative. 18 If a rise in the price of good 1 decreases the quantity of good 2 demanded, a. the cross elasticity of demand is negative b. good 1 is an inferior good. c. good 2 is an inferior good d. the cross elasticity of demand is positive. 9 The price elasticity of demand generally tends to be a. smaller in the long run than in the short run. b. smaller in the short run than in the long run. c. larger in the short run than in the long run. d. unrelated to the length of time. 20 The demand for your services becomes more elastic. (a)True (b)False Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (a) 2 (c) 3 (b) 6 (d) 7 (a) 8 (a) 11(b) 12(a) 13(b) 16(c) 17(d) 18(a) 4 (b) 9 (a) 14(b) 19(b) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(a) Chapter-8 output DECISION 1 Which of the following shapes is not a core function of an organisation? a. The product/service development function b.The operations function c. The handbilling and finance function d. The marketing (including sales) function 2 Most operations produce a mixture of both products and services. Which of the following businesses is closest to producing pure services? a. IT company b. A Restaurant c. counsel/therapist d. Steel company 3 Operations can be classified according to their volume and variety of production as well as the degree of variation and visibility. Which of the following operations would be classified as high volume, low variety? a. A family doctor b. A carpenter c. A preceding office bank d.A fast food restaurant 4 Which of the following activities is not a direct province of operations management? a. Designing the operations products, services and processes b. Planning and controlling the operation c. Developing an operations strategy for the operation d. Determining the exact mix of products and services that customers will want 5 Operations can be classified according to the degree of variation in demand and visibility of the operation as well as their volume and vari ety of production. Which of the following operations would be classified as high variation and high visibility? a. A front office bank b.A family doctor c. A fast food restaurant d. A carpenter 6 The production function incorporates the skilfully efficient manner of . a. production. b. process c. function d. All of these 7 A fixed input is one whose quantity cannot be varied during the time under consideration. (a)True (b)False 8 Economists find it convenient to distinguish between the . and the long run. a. short run b. large run c. big run d. None of these 9 The law of variant proportions states that as the quantity of one factor is increased, keeping the other factors fixed, the marginal product of that factor will eventually decline. a)True (b)False 10 MRP stands for a. Marginal Revenue Product b. Marginal Revenue process c. Both (a) and (b) d. None of these 11 The book value of old equipment is not a relevant cost in a decision. (a)True (b)False 12. One of the dangers of all ocating common fixed costs to a product line is that such allocations can make the line appear less profitable than it real is. (a)True (b)False 13. A differential cost is a variable cost. (a)True (b)False 14. All future costs are relevant in decision making. (a)True (b)False 15. Variable costs are invariably relevant costs. (a)True (b)False 6 Only the variable costs identified with a product are relevant in a decision concerning whether to elapse the product. (a)True (b)False 17 Managers should pay little attention to bottleneck operations because they have limited capacity for producing output. (a)True (b)False 18 A cost that does not affect a decision is called an a. fortune cost b. incremental cost c. avoidable cost d. irrelevant cost 19. Costs that change between alternatives are called a. fixed costs. b. opportunity costs. c. crelevant costs. d. sunk costs. 20. A cost incurred in the past that cannot be changed by any future action is a(n) a. pportunity cost b. sunk cost c . relevant cost d. avoidable cost Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6 (a) 7 (a) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(a) 13(b) 16(b) 17(b) 18(d) 4 (d) 9 (a) 14(b) 19(c) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(b) Chapter-9 ISOQUANT AND PRODUCTION FUNCTION 1 Economists typically assume that the owners of firms wish to a. produce efficiently. b. maximize sales revenues. c. maximize profits. d. All of these. 2 Efficient production occurs if a firm a. cannot produce its current level of output with fewer inputs. b. given the quantity of inputs, cannot produce more output. c. maximizes profit. d. All of the above. Limited liability is a benefit to a. mend proprietorships. b. partnerships. c. corporations. d. all of the above. 4 Which of the following statements best describes a production function? a. the maximum profit generated from given levels of inputs b. the maximum level of output generated from given levels of inputs c. all levels of output that can be generated from given levels of inputs d. all l evels of inputs that could produce a given level of output 5 With respect to production, the short run is best defined as a time period a. lasting about six months. b. lasting about two years. c. in which all inputs are fixed. d. n which at least one input is fixed. 6 In the long run, all factors of production are a. variable. b. fixed. c. materials. d. rented. 7 The short-run production functions for Alberts Pretzels. The marginal productivity of labor equals the average productivity of labor a. for all levels of labor. b. at none of the levels of labor. c. and for the first worker. d. only for the fifth worker. 8 the short-run production function for Alberts Pretzels. The law of diminishing marginal productivity a. appears with the second worker. b. has not yet appeared for any of the levels of labor. c. first appears with the fifth worker. d. s refuted by this evidence. 9 If the average productivity of labor equals the marginal productivity of labor, then a. the average producti vity of labor is at a maximum. b. the marginal productivity of labor is at a maximum. c. Both A and B above. d. Neither A nor B above. 10 Average productivity will fall as long as a. marginal productivity is falling. b. it exceeds marginal productivity. c. it is less than marginal productivity. d. the number of workers is increasing. 11 Factors of production are a) inputs and outputs. b) outputs only c) inputs only d) the minimum set of inputs that can produce a certain fixed quantity of output. 2 The set of all pairs (z1, z2) of inputs that yield the output y is the y-is quant. (a)True (b)False 13 L-shaped isoquants imply that production requires that the inputs are perfect substitutes. a. are imperfect substitutes. b. cannot be used together. c. must be used together in a certain proportion. d. None of these 14 Isoquants that are downward-sloping straight lines imply that the inputs a. are perfect substitutes. b. are imperfect substitutes. c. cannot be used together. d. must be us ed together in a certain proportion. 15 Isoquants that are downward-sloping straight lines exhibit a. n increasing marginal rate of technical substitution. b. a decreasing marginal rate of technical substitution. c. a constant marginal rate of technical substitution. d. a marginal rate of technical substitution that cannot be determined. 16 The profit maximization firm will choose the least cost combination of factors to produce at any given level of output. (a)True (b) False 17 The production function is recyclable in deciding on the additional value of employing a variable input in the production process. (a)True (b) False 18 The additional use of an input factor should be stopped when its marginal revenue productivity just equals its price. a)True (b) False 19 The least cost combination of-factors or producers equilibrium is now explained with the help of .. curves and iso costs. a. iso product b. iso process c. Both(a) and (b) d. None of these 20 MRTS stands for.. a. Marginal r ate of technical body structure b. Marginal rate of technical substitution c. Both(a) and (b) d. None of these Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (d) 2 (d) 3 (c) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (a) 11(c) 12(a) 13(c) 16(a) 17(a) 18(a) 4 (b) 9 (a) 14(a) 19(a) 5 (d) 10 (b) 15(c) 20(b) Chapter-10 THEORY OF address 1 The cost of capital is critically all important(p) in finance. a)True (b)False An implicit cost is a. the cost of giving up an alternative b. the cost of a elect alternative c. imaged by subtracting the monetary cost. d. none of the above 3 The historical cost of an asset refers to the actual cost incurred at the time the asset was acquired. (a)True (b) False 4 An Explicit cost is a business expense accounted cost that can be easily identified such as wage, rent and materials. (a)True (b) False 5 Private is the cost that has to be paid by an individual who is straight off involved in the production or consumption of a particular good. a)True (b) False 6 Social cost or external cost i s not the cost burden carried by individuals who are not directly involved in the production or consumption of that particular good (a)True (b) False 7 Average cost is the sum total of Average variable it and average fixed cost. (a)True (b) False 8 Cost-output relationship facilitates many managerial relationships such as a. Formulating the standards of operations. b. Formulating the rational policy on plant surface. c. Formulating a policy of profit prediction. d. All of these 9 Cost in the short-run can be classified intoand variable cost. a. fixed cost b. sset c. both (a) and (b) d. None of these 10 Total fixed costs remained fixed irrespective of increase or decrease in production of activity. (a)True (b) False 11 Marginal costs is the change in total cost resulting from unit change in.. a. output b. input c. both(a) and (b) d. None of these 12 The . implies that the cost of production continues to be low process the firm reaches the optimum scale (Marginal cost = Average cos t). a. V-shape b. Q-shape c. U-shape d. All of these 13 Scale economies and returns to scale generally produce a U-shaped long-run average cost curve, such as the one displayed to the right. a) True (b) False 14 __________ is concerned with the branch of economics relating the behavior of principals and their agents. a. Financial management b. pelf maximization c. confidence theory d. Social responsibility 15 A concept that implies that the firm should consider issues such as protecting the consumer, paying fair wages, maintaining fair hiring practices, supporting education, and considering environmental issues. a. Financial management b. Profit maximization c. Agency theory d. Social responsibility 16 Which of the following is not normally a responsibility of the treasurer of the modern corporation but rather the controller? . Budgets and forecasts b. Asset management c. Investment management d. Financing management 17 The __________ decision involves find out the appropriate m ake-up of the righthand side of the sleep sheet. a. asset management b. financing c. investment funds d. capital budgeting 18 A long-run is also expressed as a series of short-runs. (a)True (b)False 19 Which of the following are used in calculating opportunity costs? a. monetary costs b. the cost of time c. preference d. all of the above 20 An explicit cost is a. the cost of giving up an alternative b. the cost of a chosen alternative c. alculated by subtracting the monetary cost of an alternative by the time invested d. none of the above Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (d) 11(a) 12(c) 13(a) 16(a) 17(b) 18(a) 4 (a) 9 (a) 14(c) 19(d) 5 (a) 10 (a) 15(d) 20(b) Chapter-11 MARKET STRUCTURE, AND PRICING 1 Which of the following cannot be classed as a market structure? a. Oligopoly. b. Perfect competition. c. Communism. d. Monopolistic competition. 2 Income and population are two variables that can be used in ______ segmentation a. psychographic b. de mographic c. lifestyle d. behavioural 3 Strong exchange rates can a. help stimate consumer purchasing power. b. help predict change in lifestyle across Europe. c. predict the evolution of sales for particular brands. d. drive imports to become cheaper. 4 BERI stands for a. Business Economic Risk Index. b. Business Economic Rating International. c. Business Education Rating Indicator. d. Business Environment Risk Index. 5 The size and liquidity requirements are based on the minimum invest ability requirements for the MSCI Global Standard Indices. (a) True (b) False 6 Oligopoly is a market structure in which a small number of firms account for the whole industrys output. (a) True (b) False The number of firms and product differentiation are exceedingly crucial in determining the nature of competition in a market. (a) True (b) False 8 type of market structure represented by the constant returns to scale (CRS) engineering science includes a. Monopolistic competition b. Oligopoly c. Du opoly d. Perfect competition 9 In industries in which there are scale economies, the variety of goods that a country can produce is constrained by a. the fixed cost b. the size of the labor force c. the marginal cost d. the size of the market 10 A monopoly firm engaged in international trade but enjoying a protected home market will a. quate marginal costs with impertinent marginal revenues. b. equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and conflicting markets c. equate average costs in local and foreign markets d. none of the above 11 Minimum efficient scale of production in relation to the overall industry output and market requirement sometimes play a major role in shaping the market structure. (a)True (b) False 12 Price and output decisions of firms that want to maximize profits always depend on costs. (a) True (b) False 13 Which of the following is NOT a financial objective of pricing? a. Corporate growth. b.Return on investment. c. Profit maximization. d. None of these 14 Which of the following is NOT a marketing objective? a. Cash flow. b. Positioning. c. Volume sales. d. None of these 15 Setting a price below that of the competition is called a. Skimming. b. Penetration pricing. c. Competitive pricing. d. None of these 16 Which of the following is NOT a reason for cutting prices? a. Capacity utilisation. b. Increasing profit margins. c. Market defence. d. None of these 17 Which of the following is NOT a reason for increasing prices? a. Cost pressures. b. Price comparison. c. Curbing demand. d.None of these 18 The costs that depend on output in the short run are a. both total variable costs and total costs. b. total costs only. c. total fixed cost only. d. total variable costs only 19 A firm will shut down in the short run if a. fixed costs exceed revenues. b. total costs exceed revenues. c. it is suffering a loss. d. variable costs exceed revenues. 20 In the long run, every cost is variable cost. In this period, all costs ever incu rred by the firm must be recovered. (a)True (b) False Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (b) 3 (d) 6 (a) 7 (a) 8 (d) 11(a) 12(a) 13(a) 16(b) 17(b) 18(a) (d) 9 (d) 14(a) 19(d) 5 (a) 10 (b) 15(b) 20(a) Chapter-12 PERFECT COMPETITION 1. A perfectly competitive firm will maximize profit at the quantity at which the firms marginal revenue equals a. price b. average revenue c. total cost d. marginal cost 2 Which of the following is not a valid option for a perfectly competitive firm? a. Increasing its output. b. Decreasing its output. c. Increasing its price. d. Increasing its resources. 3 In the long run, a perfectly competitive firm will achieve all but which of the following a. Economic profit b. Allocative Efficiency c. Productive Efficiency d.Normal profit 4 If the price a firm receives for its product is equal to the marginal cost of producing that product, the firm is a. Always earning an economic profit b. Always productively efficient. c. Always allocatively efficient. d. Always experiencing an economic loss. 5 A firm that is producing at the lowest possible average cost is always a. Earning an economic profit. b. Productively efficient. c. Dominating the other firms in the market. d. not producing enough output. 6 Which of the following is the best example of a perfectly competitive market? a. diamonds b. athletic shoes c. soft drinks d. arming 7 Perfect competition is an industry with a. a few firms producing identical goods. b. many firms producing goods that differ somewhat. c. a few firms producing goods that differ somewhat in quality. d. many firms producing identical goods. 8 In a perfectly competitive industry, there are a. many buyers and many sellers. b. many sellers, but there might be only one or two buyers. c. many buyers, but there might be only one or two sellers. d. one firm that sets the price for the others to follow. 9 In perfect competition, the product of a single firm a. is sold to different customers at different prices. b . as many perfect complements produced by other firms. c. has many perfect substitutes produced by other firms. d. is sold under many differing brand names. 10 In perfect competition, restrictions on entry into an industry a. do not exist. b. apply to labor but not to capital. c. apply to both capital and labor. d. apply to capital but not to labor. 11 Price for a firm under monopolistic competition is ______. a. equal to marginal revenue b. greater than marginal revenue c. less than marginal revenue d. greater than total revenue 12 In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms tend to experience ______. a. high economic profits b. ero economic profits c. negative economic profits d. substantial economic losses 13 Marginal revenue for a monopolist is ______ a. equal to price b. greater than price c. less than price d. equal to average revenue 14 Perfect competitions describes a market structure whose assumptions are extremely strong and highly unlikely to exist in most real-ti me and real-world markets. (a)True (b) False 15 Monopolistic competition is a market structure characterized by a large number of relatively small firms. (a)True (b) False 16 A monopolist can sell more of his output only at a lower price and can reduce the sale at a high price. a)True (b) False 17 A monopoly is a market structure in which there is not only one producer/seller for a product. (a)True (b) False 18 A perfectly competitive firm produces the profit-maximizing quantity of output that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost. (a)True (b) False 19 A perfectly competitive firm faces .. production alternatives based on a comparison of price, average total cost, and average variable cost. a. four short-run b. three short-run c. five short-run d. All of these 20 A perfectly competitive firms marginal cost curve that lies above the .. of the average variable cost curve is its supply curve. . minimum b. maximum c. both(a) and (b) d. None of these Answers for Self Assessment Ques tions 1 (d) 2 (c) 3 (a) 6 (d) 7 (d) 8 (a) 11(a) 12(b) 13(a) 16(b) 17(b) 18(a) 4 (c) 9 (c) 14(a) 19(b) 5 (b) 10 (a) 15(a) 20(a) Chapter-13 OLIGOPOLY AND PRICING STRATEGIES 1 A price- and quantity-fixing agreement is known as a. game theory. b. price leadership. c. collusion. d. price concentration. 2 A group of firms that gets together to make price and output decisions is called a. a cartel. b. price leadership. c. an oligopoly. d. a concentrated industry 3 Products produced by oligopolistic ? rms are a. Homogeneous. b. Heterogeneous. . Differentiated. d. Heterogeneous or differentiated. 3 Oligopoly is the only market structure characterized by a. Interdependence in pricing and output decisions. b. Differentiated products. c. Barriers to entry. d. Pro? t-maximizing behavior. 4 Oligopoly is characterized by all of the following except a. A few large ? rms. b. Differentiated product. c. Difficult entry into the industry. d. Price competition 5 A major bane to longer term profits exis ts when barriers to entry into an industry are high. (a)True (b) False 6 Under kinked demand theory the prices of oligopolists are predicted to be rather unbendable or sticky. a)True (b) False 7 In contestable markets, large oligopolistic firms end up behaving like a. a monopoly. b. monopolistically competitive firms. c. a cartel. d. perfectly competitive firms 8 Which of the following types of oligopoly competition would you expect to result in the highest market output, other things equal? a. b. c. d. Stackelberg. Bertrand. Cornet. Collusion 9 The demand curve has a kink at the price which is equal to full cost price. (a) True (b) False 10. An pro? t maximizing, oligopolistic firms produces at an output level where a. P = ATC. b. MR = MC. c. MR = ATC. d. AVC gt MR. e.P = MR 11 Cartels are most likely to arise in which of the following market structures? a. Perfect competition. b. Monopolistic Competition. c. Oligopoly. d. Monopoly. 12 A cartel is a formal collusive organization o f the oligopoly firms in an industry. (a) True (b) False 13 Needs such as training the group, setting standards and maintaining discipline, and appointing sub-leaders may be called a. team functions. b. work functions. c. individual functions. d. parturiency functions. 14 The Hall and flitch model of the kinked demand curve is based on an empirical survey of a sample of 38 well managed weapons in England. a) True (b) False 15 The model uses the analytical tools of reaction functions of the duopolists derived on the basis of is not profit curves. (a) True (b) False 16 The important models of non-collusive oligopoly are (a) Cournot model, (b) Kinked Oligopoly demand curve models. (a) True (b) False 17 Which of the following is not an operations strategy? a. response b. low-cost leadership c. differentiation d. technology 18 Which of the following is not one of the leadership styles identified in Houses path tendency theory? a. Participative. b. Employee-centered. c. Directive. d. Ac hievement-oriented. 9 The petroleum industry is an example of a. monopolistic competition. b. pure oligopoly. c. duopoly. d. differentiated oligopoly. 20 The kinked demand curve model assumes that a. firms match price increases, but not price cuts. b. demand is more elastic for price cuts than for price increases. c. changes in marginal cost can never lead to changes in market price. d. None of the above is correct. Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (d) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (b) 11(b) 12(c) 13(a) 16(a) 17(d) 18(b) 4 (a) 9 (b) 14(a) 19(b) 5 (d) 10 (a) 15(b) 20(d) Chapter-14 PROFIT ANALYSIS 1.A variable cost is a cost that a. varies per unit at every level of activity b. occurs at various times during the year c. varies in total in proportion to changes in the level of activity d. may not be incurred, depending on managements discretion 2. A cost which remains constant per unit at various levels of activity is a a. variable cost b. fixed cost c. mixed cost d. manufacturing c ost 3. A fixed cost is a cost which a. varies in total with changes in the level of activity b. remains constant per unit with changes in the level of activity c. varies inversely in total with changes in the level of activity d. emains constant in total with changes in the level of activity 4. Cost behavior analysis is a study of how a firms costs a. relate to competitors costs b. relate to general price level changes c. respond to changes in activity levels within the company d. respond to changes in the gross national product 5. Cost behavior analysis applies to a. retailers b. wholesalers c. manufacturers d. all entities 6. The relevant range of activity refers to the a. geographical areas where the company plans to operate b. activity level where all costs are curvilinear c. levels of activity over which the company expects to operate d. evel of activity where all costs are constant 7. Which of the following is not a plausible explanation of why variable costs often behave in a curvilinear fashion? a. Labor specialization b. Overtime wages c. Total variable costs are constant within the relevant range d. Availability of quantity discounts 8. Firms operating constantly at 100% capacity a. are common b. are the riddance rather than the rule c. have no fixed costs d. have no variable costs 9. Which one of the following is a name for the range over which a company expects to operate? a. Mixed range b. Fixed range c. Variable range d.Relevant range 10 The graph of variable costs that behave in a curvilinear fashion will a. approximate a straight line within the relevant range b. be sharply kinked on both sides of the relevant range c. be downward sloping d. be a stair-step pattern 11. A mixed cost contains a. a variable cost element and a fixed cost element b. both selling and administrative costs c. both retailing and manufacturing costs d. both operating and non-operating costs 12. The variable costing method is also known as the direct costing method indir ect costing approach ducking costing method period costing approach 13.The costing approach that charges all manufacturing costs to the product is referred to as a. variable costing b. contribution margin costing c. direct costing d. absorption costing 14. Variable costing is acceptable for a. financial statement purposes b. profit tax purposes c. internal use by management only d. profit tax purposes and for internal use by management 15. CVP analysis does not consider a. level of activity b. fixed cost per unit c. variable cost per unit d. sales mix 16. Which of the following is not an underlying assumption of CVP analysis? a. Changes in activity are the only factors that affect costs b.Cost classifications are reasonably accurate c. Beginning inventory is larger than ending inventory d. Sales mix is constant 17. Which of the following would not be an acceptable way to express contribution margin? a. Sales minus variable costs b. Sales minus unit costs a. b. c. d. c. d. Unit sell ing price minus unit variable costs Contribution margin per unit divided by unit selling price a. b. c. d. 18. The level of activity at which total revenues equal total costs is the variable point fixed point semi-variable point break-even point 19. The break-even point is where a. otal sales equals total variable costs b. contribution margin equals total fixed costs c. total variable costs equal total fixed costs d. total sales equals total fixed costs 20. Gross profit also includes rent that arises from the entrepreneurs own land used in his production of output. a. True b. False Answers for Self Assessment Questions 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (d) 5. (d) 12. (a) 19. (b) 6. (c) 13. (d) 20. (a) Chapter-15 1. There are . methods which can be used to appraise any investment project (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 2.National income is the total of the value of the goods and the services which are produced in an economy. (a) True (b) False 3. Which two of the following are likely to raise the equilibrium value of National Income? (a) Rise in savings. (b) Rise in imports. (c) Rise in government spending. (d) Rise in exports. 4. Which two of the following are excluded when measuring National Income? (a) Value added in the output method. (b) Value of intermediate inputs in the output method. (c) Consumer spending in the expenditure method. (d) Transfer payments in the income method. 5.The return on an investment comes in the form of a stream of earnings in the future. (a) True (b) False 6. Cost-benefit analysis is a process for evaluating the merits of a particular project or course of action in a systematic and rigorous way. (a) True (b) False 7. Real investment is not (a) the amount that shareholders are willing to provide for shares in a company (b) the cost of development of a new product (c) expenditure on public relations, staff training or research and development (d) expenditure on non-current assets such as plant, machinery, land and buildings 8.Which of the following statements about IRR and NPV is not correct? (a) NPV always gives the correct investment decision. (b) IRR gives an unreliable answer with non-conventional projects. (c) IRR can accommodate changes in the cost of capital. (d) IRR is a useful relative measure if comparing projects of differing sizes. 9. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services currently produced within the domestic territory of a country in a year. (a) True (b) False 10. Which of the following will not be a relevant factor when using the payback method of capital investment appraisal? a) The quantify of the first cash inflow (b) The total cash flows generated by the asset (c) The cash flows generated by the asset up to the payback period (d) The cost of the asset 11. Why the payback method is often considered inferior to discounted cash flow in capital investment appraisal? (a) I is more diffic ult to calculate (b) It does not calculate how long it will take to recoup the money invested (c) It does not take account of the time value of money (d) It only takes into account the future income of a project 12.Gross National Product is the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a year. (a) True (b) False 13. In 2005. was the least significant liability of U. S. nonfinancial businesses in terms of total value. (a) bonds and mortgages (b) bank loans (c) inventories (d) trade debt 14. .. are examples of financial intermediaries. (a) Commercial banks (b) indemnification companies (c) Investment companies (d) All of the above 15. Financial assets .. a) directly contribute to the countrys productive capacity (b) indirectly contribute to the countrys productive capacity (c) contribute to the countrys productive capacity both directly and indirectly (d) do not contribute to the countrys productive capacity either directly or indirectly 16. The means by which in dividuals hold their claims on real assets in a welldevelopedeconomy are (a) investment assets. (b) depository assets. (c) derivative assets (d) financial assets 17. Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are consistent with the goal of the firm. a) True (b) False 18. Although derivatives can be used as speculative instruments, businesses most often use them to (a) attract customers. (b) appease stockholders. (c) offset debt. (d) hedge 19. The investment in fixed assets increases the fixed cost of the firm which must be recovered from the benefit of the same project. (a)True (b) False 20. National Income is defined as the sum total of all the goods and services produced in a country, in a particular period of time. (a) True (b) False Answer 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (a) Chapter-16 1. In period of inflation, specter or paper profits may be reports as a result of using the (a) FIFO costing assumption (b) Perpetual inventory method (c) LIDO costing assumption (d) Periodic inventory method 2. Inflation is (a) an increase in the overall price level. (b) an increase in the overall level of economic activity. (c) a decrease in the overall level of economic activity. (d) a decrease in the overall price level. 3. Aggregate supply is the total amount (a) produced by the government. (b) of goods and services produced in an economy. c) of labour supplied by all households. (d) of products produced by a given industry. 4. The value of a dollar does not stay constant when there is inflation. (a) True (b) False 5. The inflation rate in India was recorded at 7. 23% in (a) April of 2009 (b) April of 2010 (c) April of 2011 (d) April of 2012 6. The function of money that helps assess the opportunity cost of an activity is moneys use as a (a) medium of exchange. (b) store of value. (c) unit of account. (d) store of debt. 7. An official measure of money in the United States is M1, which consists of the sum of (a) currency plus travelers checks. b) currency plus checkable deposits. (c) currency plus travelers checks plus checkable deposits. (d) currency plus travelers checks plus time deposits. 8. Implies no trade-off between unemployment and inflation. (a) GDP deflator (b) dress leather costs (c) Long-run Phillips curve (d) Menu costs 9. The inflation rate is used to calculate the real interest rate, as well as real increases in wages. (a) True (b) False 10 the quantity of money in the United States. (a) The State Department controls (b) The Department of Treasury controls (c) The Federal allow System controls (d) Commercial banks control 11.There are broadly .. ways of controlling inflation in an economy. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 12. The balance of payments of a country is said to be in equilibrium when the demand for foreign exchange in exactly equivalent to the supply of it. (a) True (b ) False 13. A general decline in prices is often caused by a reduction in the supply of.. (a) money or debit (b) money or credit (c) money (d) None of these 14. The opportunity cost of holding money is the (a) inflation rate minus the nominal interest rate. (b) nominal interest rate. (c) real interest rate. (d) unemployment rate. 15.If the Fed is worried about inflation and wants to raise the interest rate, it (a) increases the demand for money. (b) increases the supply of money. (c) decreases the demand for money. (d) decreases the supply of money. 16. The circular flow of goods and incomes shows the relationship between (a) income and money. (b) goods and services. (c) firms and households. (d) wages and salaries. 17. Fiscal measures to control inflation include taxation, government expenditure and public borrowings. (a) True (b) False 18. Hyperinflation (a) occurs in the United States during each business cycle. b) occurs only in theory, never in reality. (c) has never occurred i n the United States. (d) happens in all countries at some time during their business cycle. 19. Hyperinflation refers to a situation where the prices rise at an alarming high rate. (a) True (b) False 20. The inflation rate is used to calculate the real interest rate, as well as real increases in wages. (a)True (b) False Answer 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 7. (c) 8. (c) 17. (a) 18. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c) 19. (a) 20. (a)