Saturday, December 28, 2019

Essay on The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct - 1812 Words

The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct was developed to uphold the application of core values, ideals, and principles to assist teachers’ decision-making about ethical issues. The Core Values of the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct is based on the foundation of the fields commitment to young children. It is noteworthy that all seven of the Codes Core Values directly address our commitment to children: †¢ Appreciate childhood as a unique and valuable stage of the human life cycle †¢ Base our work on knowledge of how children develop and learn †¢ Appreciate and support the bond between the child and family †¢ Recognize that children are best understood and supported in the context of family, culture, community, and society †¢ Respect the dignity,†¦show more content†¦356). Furthermore, Ideal 1-1.11 states that we are â€Å"to provide all children with experiences in a language that they know, as well as support children in maintaining the use of their home language and in learning English† (Decker, Decker, Freeman, Knopf, 2009, p. 356). It is my opinion there are many teachers that may have a problem in maintaining this standard simply because of the location of their center. If a center is in a semi-rural area, the teachers in the center could have a problem teaching about other cultures with exception to basic knowledge of a culture. Take for instance Middlefield Ohio. In Middlefield, there is a heavy influence of the Amish culture and generations of farming families. A teacher in Middlefield may have trouble relating to a child in her class that comes from India. It is a challenging task to learn and educate oneself on an unknown topic, there is a great deal of responsibility i n planning a diverse curriculum to meet the needs of so many individuals. There is also a great deal of responsibility in the managing and leading of employees. NAEYC Ideal I-3C.1 states that employers are â€Å"to promote safe and healthy working conditions and policies that foster mutual respect, cooperation, collaboration, competence, well-being, confidentiality, and self-esteem in staff members† (Decker, Decker, Freeman, Knopf, 2009, p. 359). Additionally, administrators are also responsible for the hiring and terminating ofShow MoreRelatedNAEYC Code Of Ethical Conduct5379 Words   |  24 Pages1 NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct Revised April 2005 POSITION STATEMENT naeyc Code of Ethical Conduct and Statement of Commitment Revised April 2005 A position statement of the National Association for the Education of Young Children Endorsed by the Association for Childhood Education International Adopted by the National Association for Family Child Care Preamble NAEYC recognizes that those who work with young children face many daily decisions that have moral and ethical implications. The NAEYCRead MoreCode Of Conduct And Conduct991 Words   |  4 PagesNEA Code of Conduct vs. NAEYC Code of Conduct The NEA code of conduct and the NAEYC code of conduct, were created for the same purpose, to demonstrate the ethical principles that teachers have to uphold in their job. Although they are different, their overall principles are basically the same. It is the teacher’s job to respect all parties involved in a child’s education and they must do no harm to the child. The teacher is responsible for all aspects of the child’s education and making sure thatRead MoreDevelopmentally Appropriate Practice1675 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood education for the influx number of families that needed it. This led the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) to â€Å"begin planning a national voluntary accreditation system for early childhood programs†(NAEYC, 2014). With this planning came a need for a more specific description with regards to accreditation guidelines. Therefore, NAEYC issued a formal statement defining DAP. DAP is â€Å"based on the accumulation of data and facts of what children are like† (Gestwicki, 2011)Read MoreEthical Principles3652 Words   |  15 PagesYoung Children (NAEYC) is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to act on behalf of the interests of young children. The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct offers guidelines for responsible behavior and sets forth a common basis for resolving the principal ethical dilemmas encountered in early childhood care and education promoting a commitment to integrity, veracity, fairness, and human dignity at all levels; nevertheless, further research and/or developments may change the current code and state of knowledgeRead MoreEducating Children With Learning Disabilities And Needs1207 Words   |  5 Pagess achievement goals. Responsible assessment means professionals must follow legal and ethical guidelines. The NAEYC’s Code of Ethical Conduct gives professionals an insight into the guidelines they must follow to ethically assess young children. This Code refers to the core values of early childhood professionals and their responsibilities to children, families, colleagues, and the community. The NAEYC Code says that â€Å"Above all, we shall not harm children. We shall not participate in practicesRead MoreCode Of Ethical Conduct For Early Childhood Programs1716 Words   |  7 PagesChildren’s (NAEYC) Code of Ethical Conduct Supplement for Early Childhood Program Administrators for guidance in how to conduct myself in a responsible and professional way (Baptiste Reyes, 2009). This supplement was adopted July 2006 for the purpose of giving administrators whose programs care for young children guidelines to help them make responsible decisions as an administrator. This code has five sectio ns (Ethical Responsibilities to Children, Ethical Responsibilities to Families, Ethical ResponsibilitiesRead MoreClass-Wide Positive Behavior Support In Preschool. Carter991 Words   |  4 PagesUsing positive statements, helps build self-esteem and confidence in older students. NAEYC Code of Ethics The techniques and strategies mentioned in this journal comply with the NAEYC Developmentally and Culturally Appropriate Practices because are age appropriate and promote positive social-emotional development. Furthermore, the techniques and strategies are also in concert with NAEYC’s Code of Ethical Conduct. They help â€Å"create and maintain safe and healthy settings that foster children s socialRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Early Childhood Education Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the dictionary an individual means, â€Å"A single human being, as distinguished from a group.† Everyone should not have to learn the same way. In the NAEYC code of Ethical Conduct under their Section 1-1.3 it states, â€Å"To recognize and respect the uniqueness and the potential of each child.† This message was based off NAEYC ethical responsibilities to children; therefore, I agree with their statement and know how important treating children as an individual really is. In a way childrenRead MoreMy Goals For Children s Life893 Words   |  4 Pagesthem to do new things. Recognition and respect is another ethical issue. Although Drew has a significant delay in his social and communication skills everyone around him needs to pay attention to his facial expressions, gestures, posture and listen to his tone, which will help them understand what his needs are. With all the people around Drew giving him the love and support to help him do anything to his ability they are practicing NAEYC I-1.3; to recognize and respect the unique qualities, abilitiesRead MoreI Am Working At A Child Care Center1348 Words   |  6 Pageslike one, and learn like one. Centers have their own ethical standards and guidelines for their staff to follow. Most of it is the same in every center because of the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct. While everyone have their own idea of what it means to be professional and what is acceptable behavior, a lot of conduct from NAEYC guideline of what is ethical, how to be professional, and the different ways to handle situations in our center. The code is filled with principles and ideas as a way for child

Friday, December 20, 2019

Business Information Systems - 6889 Words

Business Information Systems Business Information Systems ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PAGE 1 BODY-QUESTION ONE 1.1 PAGE 2amp;3 1.2 PAGES 1.3 PAGES QUESTION TWO 2.1 PAGES 2.2 PAGES 2.3 PAGES QUESTION THREE 3.1 PAGE 3.2 PAGE 3.3 PAGE 3.4 PAGE CONCLUSION PAGE REFERENCE PAGE Introduction Information systems (IS) or Business information systems deal with the development, introduction, conceptualization, utilization and maintenance of systems for computer-assisted data processing within the enterprise-wide and company networks.†¦show more content†¦The output now will distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. In addition to support decision making, coordination control information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems. There are types of systems that McDonalds use such as Transaction Processing System , now McDonalds everyday sells huge amount of hamburgers, so McDonalds should order raw materials from its suppliers, each time McDonalds should place an order with its supplier, a transaction happens and the TPS records the relevant information such as the suppliers name, address, the quality of the items purchased and finally the invoice amount. McDonalds uses the Decision Support System, at first M cDonalds began as aShow MoreRelatedBusiness Information System2293 Words   |  10 PagesManagement Information Systems, Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Business Information Systems: An Overview Objectives †¢ Explain why information technology matters †¢ Define digital information and explain why digital systems are so powerful and useful †¢ Explain why information systems are essential to business †¢ Describe how computers process data into useful information for problem solving and decision making †¢ Identify the functions of different types of information systems in business ManagementRead MoreInformation Systems And Technology On Business1393 Words   |  6 PagesInformation systems and technology have played a role in the process of commerce, through create infrastructure which depends on workers and physical equipment. Information Technology (IT) is essential to build business environments, there are complex infrastructural requirements face global business strategies. Laudon, K.C and Laudon, J. P. (2013) mention that these should provide by institutions or organizations such as computer hardware, computer software, data management technology, networkingRead MoreLaudon - Business Information Systems16132 Words   |  65 PagesDistinguish between a computer, a computer program, and an information system. What is the difference between data and information? The computer is one physical part of the information system. The program is what operates the computer. An information system is the physical system including computers and networks, software (programs), people who operate the system, and the procedures for operating the system. Data is the basic raw element of facts, information is the processed data that is useful and meaningfulRead MoreInformation Systems For Business Professionals1810 Words   |  8 PagesCOIT20274: Information Systems for Business Professionals (T3, 2015) Annotated Bibliography Assignment 1 Rahul Joshi S0280273 Due date 11 December 2015 Date Submitted 11 December 2015 Tutor Dr. Robert Wu Central Queensland University Sydney, Australia Introduction: This report is prepared for Ms Toni Carlos, an owner of small business called EIA (Education In Australia). The business was establishedRead MoreInformation Systems Designed For Business888 Words   |  4 PagesWhen we look at information systems designed for business, we tend to recognize that it involves integrated and co-ordinate network of components, which combine together to convert data into information. In a recent book entitled a brief look into history-author sage, explains that Information system is essentially made up of five components hardware, software, database, network and people. These five components integrate to perform input, process, output, feedback and control. (Sage, 1968). TheRead MoreBusiness Information Systems31162 Words   |  125 PagesEssentials of Business Information Systems http://www.hocbonganh.co.uk/userfiles/Essentials%20of%20Business%20Information%20Systems.pdf Text Book: Laudon amp; Laudon, Essentials of Business Information Systems, 7th Edition, Pearson (Prentice Hall), 2007 Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career Multiple Choice Questions 1. One of the recent critical challenges facing Major League Baseball was: a. poor coordination between local and national sales channels. b. poorly managedRead MoreRole of Information System in Business970 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Information System in Business 1.0 Introduction The information system is a combination of hardware, software, insfrastructure, and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination and decision making in an organization. Acording to Nickerson (1998), â€Å" an information system is a collection of components that work together to provide an information to provide an information to help in the operations and management of an organization†. According to Mohd . ShanuddinRead MoreInformation Systems And The Business School1419 Words   |  6 Pagesclass in the business school? Management information systems is known as one of the most important class in the business school because it helps you to success in order, function and efficiency. The interesting part about information systems is that always will give you â€Å"The background you need to assess, evaluate, and apply emerging information systems technology to business.† Also, it offers in job security- marketable skills whereas you will get knowledge in abstraction, systems thinking, experimentationRead MoreBusiness Information Systems in Your Career7321 Words   |  30 PagesChapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career Student Objectives 1. How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization? 2. Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? 3. What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its people, organization, and technology components? 4. How will a four-step method for business problem solving help you solve information system-relationsRead MoreBusiness Information System Tesco1793 Words   |  8 PagesBusiness Information System (BIS): Introduction â€Å"Information systems are the means by which people and organisations, utilising technologies, gather, process, store, use and disseminate information† The information system underlies the concept that the organization is a complex adaptive system, which has the defined boundaries, structural communication channels, control and web of coordination. Information system integrates the system theories, resources and objectives together to get one conclusion

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Animal Farm Essay Propaganda Example For Students

Animal Farm Essay Propaganda George Orwell was a great writer; he created a book with many different qualities. Animal Farm is an allegory, fable, and a satire. He made the characters in the novel relate to real people and events in history. Examples such allegory would be Animalism compared with Communism, Snowball compared with Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon compared to Joseph Stalin. Animalism in many ways does symbolize Communism. Animalism for the animals would be a perfect land, no rich, no poor, and everyone is equal. They all would own the same amount of the farm. No animal would be above any other animal. As in a communistic society, they would all work the same and receive the same. The government would own everything and they people would own the government. In both Animalism and Communism, their goal was a society in which the workers, not the capitalists, owned all the means of production. To reach this ideal situation, a transition period was needed, during which the government controlled the economy. The government guaranteed hospitalization, education, housing, and pension plans, as well as jobs. In Animal Farm, the animals did receive some of those features while Snowball was with them. The people, as well as animals, in turn, gave up every indication of freedom. Thus, everyone would share equally in the benefits of production, and everyone would have an equal share in the goods that were produced. The government (pigs), regardless of demand, determined supply. Everyone was forced to work, so there was no competition for jobs. The true costs of production were not known. Wages were completely arbitrary, as were prices of goods. Animalism was created to represent communism, and it succeeded well. Snowball represents Leon Trotsky from World War One. Snowball was young, smart, and a very good speaker. He was idealistic, and he wanted to make life for all animals easier and happier. Leon Trotsky also wanted to improve the life for all Russian people. For most of his life Leon Trotsky was a man without a country, banished from one land to another. He was exiled from many different countries. He organized the famous Red Army. Snowball was the plotter for the Battle of the Cowshed. Trotsky and Joseph Stalin struggled for leadership, as did Snowball and Napoleon. Snowball was chased away by Napoleons dogs. Trotsky was chased away by Lenins secret police (KGB). George Orwell had a great talent in creating such a character as Snowball to symbolize Leon Trotsky. As for Napoleon, he represented Joseph Stalin. Napoleon was not a good speaker, and was not as clever as Snowball was. He was cruel, brutal, selfish, devious, and corrupt. His ambition was for power. He used dogs, Moses, and Squealer to keep the animals in control. Joseph Stalin was also not a good speaker, and was not as educated like Trotsky. He and Napoleon did not follow Marxs ideas. He cared for power, and killed all that opposed him. He used KGB, allowed church, and propagandized. Stalin was probably the most ruthless and successful tyrant the world has known. Napoleon was also very cruel to the other animals. He created in the Soviet Union a totalitarian state in which the government controlled everythingall agriculture, all industry, the arts and sciences, sports, entertainment, the media, and religion, as did Napoleon to Animal Farm. To make sure that his commands were obeyed and that no one disagreed with him, Stalin employed a vast network of secret police. Napoleon had guard dogs around him to make sure the animals obeyed him at all times. The victims of his campaigns of political terror included some of his followers. Stalin exiled Trotsky from the Soviet Union in 1929 and had him assassinated in Mexico in 1940. Napoleon had his guard dogs chase off Snowball. Having dealt with the opposition Stalin, as well as Napoleon, was then supreme ruler. In a drive to industrialize and modernize the Soviet Union, he launched the first in a series of five-year plans in 1928. He declared, We are 50 to 100 years behind advanced countries. .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e , .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .postImageUrl , .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e , .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e:hover , .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e:visited , .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e:active { border:0!important; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e:active , .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8626b0e9298d9f08d16bfe053d41908e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Sheep Debate EssayWe must cover this distance in 10 years. Napoleon continued with Snowballs original plans to build the Windmill. Stalin ordered the collectivization of farms. When peasants resisted, he ordered the state to seize their land and possessions. Well-to-do farmers, called kulaks, especially resented collectivization. Determined to root out all opposition, Stalin showed no mercy to the rebellious kulaks. In 1932-33, he created a famine in Ukraine and liquidated some 3 million kulaks through death by starvation. Napoleon also created starvation by not feeding the other animals for everyday meals. Stalin, Claiming that a number of Red Army officers and scores of old Bolsheviks were plotting against the state, Stalin had them executed. Napoleon had animals killed that admitted to plotting against him. Once again, George Orwell created an almost exact duplicate of World War One legends. George Orwell surely created this book as an allegory, because of all the symbolism that was in this novel. Symbolism is a main quality of this book, and without one knowing the history of World War One, the book would just seem nothing more than a group of animals that talk and sing.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Societal Marketing Delivers Goods and Services

Question: Discuss bout the Societal Marketing for Delivers Goods and Services. Answer: Introduction Marketing is one of the key functions of any company that delivers goods and services, as this function directly reaches to the targeted customer base and makes the market aware of the products and services being sold (Hair, 2014). Marketing has been given a significant importance by every company (Perreault, 2013). However, the approach to marketing has changed over the years. With the rising ecological concern and the need to be social responsible several companies around the world have taken up societal marketing as a key technique to penetrate into the market and make their stand (Sheth, 2015). Societal marketing can be understood as a function that ensures that the goods and services delivered not only satisfy the needs and wants of a customer but also enhance their lives and the society as a whole (Melanthiou, 2016). Several companies though directly do not participate in societal marketing, they have adopted this technique in to their corporate social responsibility (Shanbhag, 2015). On the other side there are several other companies that has put customer and society first over their own interests of revenue generation. The below report discusses about two such companies that currently work in Australia. Oxfam Australia Oxfam Australia, is a not-for-profit organization that believes in community aid and development. The company is an affiliate of Oxfam international. However, the organization works as an independent entity in Australia (Besley, 2016). The company took in origins from the concern of Gerard Kennedy Tucker in the early 50s when the Asia countries had major setbacks due to the Second World War. Local groups have been formed for community aid first in Melbourne and later in Perth and Sydney. The company then started providing trade opportunities between Australia and other developing countries with handicrafts as the key product. By 2005 the company had 17 stores worldwide that took up mail orders as well. The company sells products belonging to home dcor, kitchenware, food and beverage etc. They have a website where all these products are available online. The beauty of Oxfam products are that all these are procured from countries that are rich in resources but have most of their population below the poverty line (Moolman, 2016). They sell products that not only add value to the customer but also the local communities that produce these products. Every transaction done in Oxfam shop is a way in which the customer directly helps the communities, given a lot of satisfaction to every product purchased. Oxfam generates most of its income from donation funds. These funds are gain used for advocacy programs, fundraising, promotion and administration work. The website of the company has an option where customers can donate to the organization. The key idea from a marketing point of view is to help the customer with the hidden need to help others. There are several people around the world, who would like to contribute to the society in one way or another. However, they may not know the right way, or have the time to participate in such programs. However, the conscious need to make a difference is present. Oxfam gives them this opportunity. Every product purchased at Oxfam directly effects several local communities. Every product description in the Oxfam website gives a clear input of the community that has produced the good. The producers of these products are listed as well. All these producers are paid through a fair trade policy and any profit made in again invested back into the community itself. The products are on ethically traded. It is a common perception that such products are highly priced. However, that is not the case of Oxfam products. The price of the products reflects the quality of the product, the skill to make such products and a way to keep the traditional techniques alive (Australia, 2015). Most of these products are handmade and come from African countries and other poor Asian countries. The companys marketing technique is that every dollar spent at Oxfam shop makes a difference on the lives who create the product, make the product or grow the product. It shows how powerful a consumer can be if the right kind of investment is made. They let their customers know that every dollar spent at Oxfam is a way to shape the world. Eco Store It was in the early 90s that Malcom Rands and his wife Melaine discovered that despite all their efforts of living in an eco-village and following organic techniques in gardening they were still being exposed to harmful chemicals that were effecting their lives. It was then they discovered that one of the many reasons for this was the number chemicals used in every day products such as cleaning and bath products. As simple check on the ingredient list made them aware just about how many chemicals are used. This was the reason behind the establishment of Eco store that manufactures cleaning and bath products that use only plant based and mineral based ingredients and almost zero chemicals (Rands, 2013). All their products are tested by Environmental Working Group. The company has a dedicated team of researchers lead by Sir Ray Every who are in the quest to replace all the chemicals used in the bathing and cleaning products by ecofriendly products. The investment in research is what lead them to be one of the most reputed company in Australia. The motto of Eco store is health first and all the products are designed keeping the customers health in mind. Eco store has several customers who have wrote testimonials stating that issues related to skin and asthma have reduced drastically or vanished. The effect that was usually aggravated by the chemicals in the regular products were circumcised just be replacing them. Eco store believes in letting people know everything about a product they purchase. Hence every product of Eco store comes with a list of ingredients. An ingredient index is provided on their website letting the consumers know how to effects the health and environment, where it is used and the EWA rating of it thereby letting the customer aware of how these effect their lives. The company also has a great affection towards the environment and hence had made sure that not just the products but also the bottles and containers that the product comes in are ecofriendly. For example their laundry boxes is NZ PEFC board produced from sustainable grown forests. Their laundry scoops are post grind plastic and their auto dish wash boxes are 85% recyclable (Leung, 2015). Actually almost all the containers are recyclable. The company also invests in closed loop recycling where trucks move to communities to collect containers of Eco store products and the same are recycled to produce new bottles , scoops and caps. The company uses a clear societal marketing concept keeping the health of the customer and the well-being of the environment as their key aim rather than aiming at revenue generative methods. Conclusion With the growing concern of the environment and the enabling a customer-centric goods and service production the concept of societal marketing has seen light where importance is placed not on selling a product but on satisfying the needs and wants of customers by enhancing the value of the product. Several companies today follow these techniques while Oxfam Shop and Eco Store has set examples in Australia. References Australia, O., 2014. The Power of People against Poverty: Oxfam Australia Strategic Plan 20142019. Besley, M., 2016. Value for Money Assessment Oxfam in South Africa: Australia Africa Community Engagement Scheme (AACES) Capacity building component. Hair Jr, J.F. and Lukas, B., 2014. Marketing research. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Leung, Y.M., Morgan, K.J., White, B.J., Ward, J.M. and Chilvers, B.L., 2015. Washing oiled marine birds in New Zealanddo we have a detergent that can be used?. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 49(2), pp.318-322. Melanthiou, Y., 2016. Messages Not Getting Through: Societal Marketing to the Rescue. Journal of Promotion Management, 22(2), pp.195-196. Moolman, A., Levendal, G., Mabizela, P., Harber, I., Westley, W. and Molver, N., 2016. Reflections and Learning from Practice: Oxfam Australia in South Africa. Perreault Jr, W., Cannon, J. and McCarthy, E.J., 2013. Basic marketing. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Rands, M. and Thomson, M., 2013. Ecoman. Random House New Zealand. Shanbhag, P. and Nayak, S., 2015. Societal MarketingThe Shift: Indirect to a direct marketing approach. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(9), pp.524-527. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015. Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge.